Scholarlink

Background <p>Apnea training has shown promise in enhancing psychophysiological parameters in athletes, but its effects on para-swimmers, especially the short-term wet static apnea training (WSAT) protocol, are largely unknown.</p> Methods <p>Five para-swimmers from the Sports Training Center at the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais participated in a 5-week study performing high external swimming training loads and maximal strength training in weeks 1, 2, 4, and 5, and recovery in week 3 with low-intensity and low-volume swimming. After each swimming session, five sessions of WSAT were performed in week 4. Pre-session measurements included resting heart rate variability (rHRV), well-being parameters, perceived recovery status (PRS), and counter-movement jump (CMJ) height, while post-session measurements included session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE). Apnea in different conditions and 100-m swimming time trial were recorded before and after WSAT.</p> Results <p>WSAT increased weekly PRS (WPRS) at week 5 compared to week 2 (<i>p</i> = 0.034; <i>η</i>2 = 0.703), indicating improved recovery perception. Specifically, athletes showed higher weekly RPE (WRPE) and session RPE (WsRPE) in weeks 4 and 5 compared to week 3 (<i>p</i> = 0.017, <i>η</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.805; <i>p</i> = 0.047; <i>η</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.805), indicating higher perceived exertion during weeks with high training loads. However, no significant changes were observed in rHRV, CMJ, and 100-m swimming times.</p> Conclusions <p>Despite the limited sample size, our preliminary findings suggest that short-term WSAT may positively affect perceived recovery in para-swimmers. WSAT may need longer and/or more intense apnea training protocols to induce significant adaptations in physiological markers or physical performance.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Preliminary study on the effect of short-term wet static apnea training on recovery and performance in para-swimmers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月13日

查看全文
  • Lucas Siqueira-Moraes,
  • Carolina Batista Simões,
  • Wellington Douglas de Souza,
  • Gabriel Adler Gomes-Martins,
  • Christopherson Dias Nascimento,
  • Gustavo Ramos Dalla Bernardina,
  • Felipe Alencar de Carvalho,
  • Mauro Heleno Chagas,
  • Luciano Sales Prado,
  • Andressa Silva,
  • Marco Túlio de Mello,
  • Glauber S. F. da Silva,
  • Dawit Albieiro Pinheiro Gonçalves

摘要

Background

Apnea training has shown promise in enhancing psychophysiological parameters in athletes, but its effects on para-swimmers, especially the short-term wet static apnea training (WSAT) protocol, are largely unknown.

Methods

Five para-swimmers from the Sports Training Center at the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais participated in a 5-week study performing high external swimming training loads and maximal strength training in weeks 1, 2, 4, and 5, and recovery in week 3 with low-intensity and low-volume swimming. After each swimming session, five sessions of WSAT were performed in week 4. Pre-session measurements included resting heart rate variability (rHRV), well-being parameters, perceived recovery status (PRS), and counter-movement jump (CMJ) height, while post-session measurements included session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE). Apnea in different conditions and 100-m swimming time trial were recorded before and after WSAT.

Results

WSAT increased weekly PRS (WPRS) at week 5 compared to week 2 (p = 0.034; η2 = 0.703), indicating improved recovery perception. Specifically, athletes showed higher weekly RPE (WRPE) and session RPE (WsRPE) in weeks 4 and 5 compared to week 3 (p = 0.017, η2 = 0.805; p = 0.047; η2 = 0.805), indicating higher perceived exertion during weeks with high training loads. However, no significant changes were observed in rHRV, CMJ, and 100-m swimming times.

Conclusions

Despite the limited sample size, our preliminary findings suggest that short-term WSAT may positively affect perceived recovery in para-swimmers. WSAT may need longer and/or more intense apnea training protocols to induce significant adaptations in physiological markers or physical performance.