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Purpose <p>Exercise induces transient physiological disruptions, including immune suppression and gastrointestinal (GI) disturbance. Molecular hydrogen (H₂), an endogenously produced gas with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, may play a protective role in this context. While the therapeutic potential of exogenous H₂ has been widely explored, little is known about endogenous hydrogen responses to exercise. This study aimed to investigate post-exercise breath hydrogen kinetics as a potential indicator of metabolic and GI stress.</p> Methods <p>Thirty healthy young male athletes (age: 23.5 ± 3.8 years) completed an incremental running test to exhaustion. Breath hydrogen concentration was measured at baseline and at 5, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes post-exercise using an electrochemical fuel cell analyzer. The Friedman test with Bonferroni-corrected Wilcoxon post hoc comparisons was used to evaluate time-dependent changes.</p> Results <p>Breath hydrogen levels declined significantly at 5 minutes post-exercise (16.20 ± 16.22 ppm vs. baseline 36.37 ± 32.12 ppm; p 0.001), partially rebounded at 15 minutes (28.47 ± 33.76 ppm; p = 0.003), and approached baseline at 30 and 45 minutes. A secondary reduction was observed at 60 minutes (29.23 ± 36.55 ppm; p = 0.01). Significant deviations from baseline remained evident at multiple time points after correction.</p> Conclusion <p>This pilot study reveals a distinct post-exercise decline and delayed recovery in breath hydrogen concentrations, potentially reflecting impaired intestinal fermentation, increased oxidative stress, and altered redox homeostasis. Breath hydrogen may represent a novel, non-invasive biomarker of exerciseinduced physiological stress and recovery dynamics.</p>

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The impact of graded exercise to exhaustion on breath hydrogen: a pilot study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月2日

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  • Nikola Todorovic,
  • Jovan Kuzmanovic,
  • Dejan Javorac,
  • Sergej M. Ostojic

摘要

Purpose

Exercise induces transient physiological disruptions, including immune suppression and gastrointestinal (GI) disturbance. Molecular hydrogen (H₂), an endogenously produced gas with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, may play a protective role in this context. While the therapeutic potential of exogenous H₂ has been widely explored, little is known about endogenous hydrogen responses to exercise. This study aimed to investigate post-exercise breath hydrogen kinetics as a potential indicator of metabolic and GI stress.

Methods

Thirty healthy young male athletes (age: 23.5 ± 3.8 years) completed an incremental running test to exhaustion. Breath hydrogen concentration was measured at baseline and at 5, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes post-exercise using an electrochemical fuel cell analyzer. The Friedman test with Bonferroni-corrected Wilcoxon post hoc comparisons was used to evaluate time-dependent changes.

Results

Breath hydrogen levels declined significantly at 5 minutes post-exercise (16.20 ± 16.22 ppm vs. baseline 36.37 ± 32.12 ppm; p 0.001), partially rebounded at 15 minutes (28.47 ± 33.76 ppm; p = 0.003), and approached baseline at 30 and 45 minutes. A secondary reduction was observed at 60 minutes (29.23 ± 36.55 ppm; p = 0.01). Significant deviations from baseline remained evident at multiple time points after correction.

Conclusion

This pilot study reveals a distinct post-exercise decline and delayed recovery in breath hydrogen concentrations, potentially reflecting impaired intestinal fermentation, increased oxidative stress, and altered redox homeostasis. Breath hydrogen may represent a novel, non-invasive biomarker of exerciseinduced physiological stress and recovery dynamics.