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Purpose <p>The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a high cholesterol diet on sex hormone levels in female rats following a treadmill (TM) endurance training program.</p> Methods <p>Female Sprague Dawley rats (<i>n</i> = 29) consuming a standard semi-purified low-cholesterol diet were randomly assigned to a control group (C, <i>n</i> = 15) or an exercise training group (EX, <i>n</i> = 14) that performed TM running 40&#xa0;min/day, 6&#xa0;days/wk for 12&#xa0;weeks. At the study midpoint (end week 6), half the rats in each group were then randomized to receive a high-cholesterol (HC or EX + HC) diet. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline, week 6, and week 12 to measure serum lipids and lipoprotein cholesterol, estradiol, progesterone and leptin levels.</p> Results <p>At the end of week 6, the EX group had significantly lower body weight ( – 10%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), mean daily energy intake ( – 21%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), serum leptin ( – 27%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), and serum progesterone ( – 31%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) compared to C. There were no significant differences in serum estradiol. At end of wk 12, EX + HC group had significantly lower body weight ( – 17%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and serum leptin ( – 67%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) compared to C. However, serum estradiol was significantly higher in EX + HC group compared to C (124%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and EX (171%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). There was no significant difference between groups in energy intake or serum progesterone.</p> Conclusions <p>Female rats consuming a high-cholesterol diet and exercising had significantly higher serum estradiol than rats consuming a low-cholesterol diet and/or exercising. Thus, it might be possible that extra dietary cholesterol consumption, without extra calories, may improve sex hormone status in female athletes.</p>

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A high cholesterol diet increases serum estradiol in female rats with lower energy availability following a treadmill training program

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月6日

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  • Lyra Clark,
  • Michael Dellogono,
  • Thomas A. Wilson

摘要

Purpose

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a high cholesterol diet on sex hormone levels in female rats following a treadmill (TM) endurance training program.

Methods

Female Sprague Dawley rats (n = 29) consuming a standard semi-purified low-cholesterol diet were randomly assigned to a control group (C, n = 15) or an exercise training group (EX, n = 14) that performed TM running 40 min/day, 6 days/wk for 12 weeks. At the study midpoint (end week 6), half the rats in each group were then randomized to receive a high-cholesterol (HC or EX + HC) diet. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline, week 6, and week 12 to measure serum lipids and lipoprotein cholesterol, estradiol, progesterone and leptin levels.

Results

At the end of week 6, the EX group had significantly lower body weight ( – 10%, p < 0.05), mean daily energy intake ( – 21%, p < 0.01), serum leptin ( – 27%, p < 0.05), and serum progesterone ( – 31%, p < 0.05) compared to C. There were no significant differences in serum estradiol. At end of wk 12, EX + HC group had significantly lower body weight ( – 17%, p < 0.05) and serum leptin ( – 67%, p < 0.05) compared to C. However, serum estradiol was significantly higher in EX + HC group compared to C (124%, p < 0.05) and EX (171%, p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between groups in energy intake or serum progesterone.

Conclusions

Female rats consuming a high-cholesterol diet and exercising had significantly higher serum estradiol than rats consuming a low-cholesterol diet and/or exercising. Thus, it might be possible that extra dietary cholesterol consumption, without extra calories, may improve sex hormone status in female athletes.