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<p>It is known that aging is the primary risk factor for developing most neurodegenerative diseases. Non-pharmacological treatment through the practice of physical exercise has been showing success in the prevention and treatment of a vast number of diseases. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate behavioral and molecular changes in the hippocampus of healthy aged mice after a short-term swimming protocol. Eighteen-months old male C57BL/6&#xa0;J mice (n = 8 /group) were divided randomly into three groups: Control, Swim 1x, and Swim 5x. Control mice did not swim and Swim 1 × performed the exercise protocol once a week, always on Mondays, while Swim 5 × performed the exercise protocol five times per week, Monday to Friday. Control and Swim 1 × mice groups were taken to the room where the physical exercise protocol occurred, and their cages were left there for 30&#xa0;min at all the days that they did not swim but that the Swim 5 × group swam. Therefore, all mice were transferred and exposed to the same physical exercise room environment five times per week. Animals went through a habituation week, and the training protocol was initiated 48&#xa0;h after the last familiarization session. Swimming sessions consisted of 30&#xa0;min, with no overload, 5&#xa0;days per week, for 2&#xa0;weeks (Swim 5x) or once a week, for 2&#xa0;weeks (Swim 1x). We used open field, elevated plus maze, and Y-maze to evaluate possible changes in behavior. While there were no behavioral changes in locomotor activity, anxiety, or spatial memory, the group that exercised more often showed alterations in the hippocampus molecular machinery, including increased levels of SIRT1, PGC-1α, BCL2, and BDNF. Short-term swimming 5&#xa0;days per week for 2&#xa0;weeks induced the enhancement of the levels of mitochondrial-, survival-, and proliferation-related proteins in the hippocampus of aged mice, while swimming once a week was not capable of inducing molecular changes.</p>

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Short-term swimming induces the enhancement of mitochondrial-, survival-, and proliferation-related proteins in the hippocampus of healthy aged mice without affecting behavior

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月24日

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  • Ricardo Augusto Leoni de Sousa,
  • Caique Olegário Diniz-Magalhães,
  • Poliany Pereira Cruz,
  • Gustavo Henrique Bahia de Oliveira,
  • Julia Tereza Aparecida Caldeira Prates,
  • Crisley Mara de Azevedo Ferreira,
  • Rosiane Rosa Silva,
  • Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas

摘要

It is known that aging is the primary risk factor for developing most neurodegenerative diseases. Non-pharmacological treatment through the practice of physical exercise has been showing success in the prevention and treatment of a vast number of diseases. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate behavioral and molecular changes in the hippocampus of healthy aged mice after a short-term swimming protocol. Eighteen-months old male C57BL/6 J mice (n = 8 /group) were divided randomly into three groups: Control, Swim 1x, and Swim 5x. Control mice did not swim and Swim 1 × performed the exercise protocol once a week, always on Mondays, while Swim 5 × performed the exercise protocol five times per week, Monday to Friday. Control and Swim 1 × mice groups were taken to the room where the physical exercise protocol occurred, and their cages were left there for 30 min at all the days that they did not swim but that the Swim 5 × group swam. Therefore, all mice were transferred and exposed to the same physical exercise room environment five times per week. Animals went through a habituation week, and the training protocol was initiated 48 h after the last familiarization session. Swimming sessions consisted of 30 min, with no overload, 5 days per week, for 2 weeks (Swim 5x) or once a week, for 2 weeks (Swim 1x). We used open field, elevated plus maze, and Y-maze to evaluate possible changes in behavior. While there were no behavioral changes in locomotor activity, anxiety, or spatial memory, the group that exercised more often showed alterations in the hippocampus molecular machinery, including increased levels of SIRT1, PGC-1α, BCL2, and BDNF. Short-term swimming 5 days per week for 2 weeks induced the enhancement of the levels of mitochondrial-, survival-, and proliferation-related proteins in the hippocampus of aged mice, while swimming once a week was not capable of inducing molecular changes.