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Background <p>Andropause, which is characterized by a decline in testosterone levels, has a significant impact on the general health and sleep quality of aging men, especially retired men. In this study, the effects of a structured andropause-related health education program on the general health and sleep quality of retired men at Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Iran, are investigated.</p> Methods <p>This quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study, conducted from October 2022 to March 2024 at Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Iran, investigated the effects of health education relating andropause on the general health and sleep quality of 60 retired men employees (30 per group). Participants were selected using stratified quota sampling followed by simple random sampling and randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. The intervention group received a four-week virtual training program via WhatsApp, while the control group received a standard treatment. Data was collected at baseline, post-intervention and two months post-intervention using the General Health Questionnaire and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The data was analyzed with SPSS software (version 22) at a significance level of <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05.</p> Results <p>No significant differences in demographic characteristics between the groups (<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05). The intervention group showed a significant improvement in general health (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001), while the control group remained unchanged (<i>P</i> = 0.834). Repeated measures ANOVA showed significant effects of time (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001, η² = 0.232), and the interaction time × group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001, η² = 0.226) on general health. Sleep quality improved in the intervention group (<i>P</i> = 0.002), while the control group showed no change (<i>P</i> = 0.621). The ANOVA revealed significant time (<i>P</i> = 0.011, η² = 0.087) and group effects (<i>P</i> = 0.006, η² = 0.123) on sleep quality.</p> Conclusions <p>The andropause-related health education program significantly improved general health and sleep quality in retired males. These findings highlight the effectiveness of targeted virtual education via WhatsApp as a practical and effective strategy to improve health outcomes in aging men and offer valuable implications for nursing practice and public health interventions.</p> Trial registration <p>Not applicable.</p>

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Effects of andropause-related health education on general health and sleep quality among retired men: a quasi-experimental study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月23日

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  • Zahra Maghsoudi,
  • Mehrdad Rohaninasab,
  • Parvin Ghaemmaghami,
  • Sajjad Ranjbar Kouchaksaraei,
  • Fatemeh Vizeshfar

摘要

Background

Andropause, which is characterized by a decline in testosterone levels, has a significant impact on the general health and sleep quality of aging men, especially retired men. In this study, the effects of a structured andropause-related health education program on the general health and sleep quality of retired men at Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Iran, are investigated.

Methods

This quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study, conducted from October 2022 to March 2024 at Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Iran, investigated the effects of health education relating andropause on the general health and sleep quality of 60 retired men employees (30 per group). Participants were selected using stratified quota sampling followed by simple random sampling and randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. The intervention group received a four-week virtual training program via WhatsApp, while the control group received a standard treatment. Data was collected at baseline, post-intervention and two months post-intervention using the General Health Questionnaire and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The data was analyzed with SPSS software (version 22) at a significance level of P < 0.05.

Results

No significant differences in demographic characteristics between the groups (P > 0.05). The intervention group showed a significant improvement in general health (P < 0.001), while the control group remained unchanged (P = 0.834). Repeated measures ANOVA showed significant effects of time (P < 0.001, η² = 0.232), and the interaction time × group (P < 0.001, η² = 0.226) on general health. Sleep quality improved in the intervention group (P = 0.002), while the control group showed no change (P = 0.621). The ANOVA revealed significant time (P = 0.011, η² = 0.087) and group effects (P = 0.006, η² = 0.123) on sleep quality.

Conclusions

The andropause-related health education program significantly improved general health and sleep quality in retired males. These findings highlight the effectiveness of targeted virtual education via WhatsApp as a practical and effective strategy to improve health outcomes in aging men and offer valuable implications for nursing practice and public health interventions.

Trial registration

Not applicable.