Bilevel positive airway pressure treatment of sleep apnea syndrome in a patient with Crouzon syndrome

Crouzon syndrome (CS) is a hereditary disorder characterized by deformities of the face and skull brought on by syndromic craniosynostosis or the premature fusion of coronal sutures. Pediatric patients with Crouzon syndrome have a high likelihood of developing obstructive sleep apnea (OSAS), primarily due to skeletal hypoplasia and facial dysmorphism. Treatment of OSAS in patients with Crouzon syndrome requires multidisciplinary and sequential treatment planning because Crouzon syndrome often has different phenotypes with varying severity in OSA and facial dysmorphism. In this clinical case, we describe the first case of a child with Crouzon syndrome with sleep apnea who was treated with positive pressure ventilation in Vietnam.