Determinants and trends of executive coaching effectiveness in post-pandemic era: A critical systematic literature review analysis

Executive coaching intervention is undergoing tangible changes, primarily due to and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to systematically review the evidence regarding the determinants of executive coaching effectiveness. Particular attention is paid to aspects of coaching digitalization and new technologies and approaches that coaching practitioners utilize. A systematic literature review was conducted using main academic databases, and 71 studies were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study identified six main factors that contribute to successful executive coaching: coach characteristics, coachee aspects, coach-coachee relationships, coaching approaches, organizational role, and technical tools. The study also discusses the traits of e-coaching and online interventions, and suggests practical implications and future research directions. This study provides insights into the factors that affect executive coaching, based on studies conducted during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The review sheds light on the direction of coaching evolution and identifies critical factors that organizations should investigate before implementing coaching. Specifically, the strengths and weaknesses of online training and coaching should be carefully evaluated before implementation. Theoretical contribution of the study involves expanding the common determinants of successful executive coaching. We thoroughly analyzed and identified factors associated with crisis situations and the adoption of new technologies. Consideration of the identified determinants of effective executive coaching facilitates the improvement of the coaches’ selection process, encourages the preparation of executives for coaching interventions, and ensures necessary organizational support. The efficacy of e-coaching equips organizations with an opportunity to select coaching modalities that remain efficient while concurrently being more accessible and cost-effective.