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Objectives <p>Examine if the building of five Major League Soccer (MLS) stadiums affected pre-existing spatial and temporal crime patterns in the area surrounding the stadiums during and after construction. Analysis of pre- during- and post- construction hot spots and trends allow for a natural experiment.</p> Methods <p>Property and violent crime data were gathered from publicly available crime data. Hot spots analyses assessed whether there were spatial shifts in crime across pre-, during, and post-construction periods. Time-series analyses examined aggregate crime trends over the same intervals.</p> Results <p>Findings do not indicate stadium construction sites generate more crimes surrounding the stadiums during and after construction. Changes in crime distributions trends were not directly attributable to stadium construction.</p> Conclusions <p>The development of “dead zones” surrounding stadiums during construction and increases in capable guardianship may prevent increases in crime. Null findings provide a positive outlook for future stadium construction projects.</p>

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If you build it, will crime come? An investigation of Major League Soccer stadium construction

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月9日

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  • Robert H. Geibler,
  • Ryan Bagwell,
  • Jordan R. Riddell,
  • Kayla Stan,
  • Joshua B. Hill

摘要

Objectives

Examine if the building of five Major League Soccer (MLS) stadiums affected pre-existing spatial and temporal crime patterns in the area surrounding the stadiums during and after construction. Analysis of pre- during- and post- construction hot spots and trends allow for a natural experiment.

Methods

Property and violent crime data were gathered from publicly available crime data. Hot spots analyses assessed whether there were spatial shifts in crime across pre-, during, and post-construction periods. Time-series analyses examined aggregate crime trends over the same intervals.

Results

Findings do not indicate stadium construction sites generate more crimes surrounding the stadiums during and after construction. Changes in crime distributions trends were not directly attributable to stadium construction.

Conclusions

The development of “dead zones” surrounding stadiums during construction and increases in capable guardianship may prevent increases in crime. Null findings provide a positive outlook for future stadium construction projects.