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<p>The proposed research details the modeling, simulations, and practical assessment of the four-element, fractal-slotted multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for supporting next-generation ultrawideband (UWB) networks with tri-band electromagnetic interference (EMI) filtering. The array design is assembled on a 0.811λ<sub>o</sub> × 0.682λ<sub>o</sub> × 0.0162λ<sub>o</sub> (at the lowest frequency of 3.1&#xa0;GHz) FR4 material, where the upper FR4 layer features four 2nd -order pentagram fractal slotted inverted-pentagon radiators. At the same time, a partial ground plane with defective ground structure (DGS) and a floating decoupler is integrated on its rear layer. The fractal-generated multiple resonances are combined into a broad fractional bandwidth of 130.73% by adopting the DGS and feed-offset strategies. Further, by introducing a floating-type element and a vertical decoupler in the array’s partial ground region, optimal inter-element isolation is achieved. Additionally, to realize interference-free operation in the excited band, the unwanted C-band downlink (3.71–4.2&#xa0;GHz), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) (5.12–5.82&#xa0;GHz), and International Telecommunication Union (ITU)-8 (7.7–8.5&#xa0;GHz) services are filtered by equipping each antenna unit with a U-slot, modified split ring resonator (SRR), and spiral-shaped slot, respectively. For dense-array deployments, several diversity measures are assessed and remain within their predefined thresholds, affirming the validity of both simulated and measured outcomes. Therefore, the designed array provides built-in EMI immunity for UWB-based smart IoT applications in challenging multipath environments.</p>

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Four-port Fractal MIMO Antenna with Integrated Notch Filtering for UWB-enabled IoT Networks

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月27日

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  • Arashpreet K. Sohi,
  • V. N. Koteswara Rao Devana

摘要

The proposed research details the modeling, simulations, and practical assessment of the four-element, fractal-slotted multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for supporting next-generation ultrawideband (UWB) networks with tri-band electromagnetic interference (EMI) filtering. The array design is assembled on a 0.811λo × 0.682λo × 0.0162λo (at the lowest frequency of 3.1 GHz) FR4 material, where the upper FR4 layer features four 2nd -order pentagram fractal slotted inverted-pentagon radiators. At the same time, a partial ground plane with defective ground structure (DGS) and a floating decoupler is integrated on its rear layer. The fractal-generated multiple resonances are combined into a broad fractional bandwidth of 130.73% by adopting the DGS and feed-offset strategies. Further, by introducing a floating-type element and a vertical decoupler in the array’s partial ground region, optimal inter-element isolation is achieved. Additionally, to realize interference-free operation in the excited band, the unwanted C-band downlink (3.71–4.2 GHz), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) (5.12–5.82 GHz), and International Telecommunication Union (ITU)-8 (7.7–8.5 GHz) services are filtered by equipping each antenna unit with a U-slot, modified split ring resonator (SRR), and spiral-shaped slot, respectively. For dense-array deployments, several diversity measures are assessed and remain within their predefined thresholds, affirming the validity of both simulated and measured outcomes. Therefore, the designed array provides built-in EMI immunity for UWB-based smart IoT applications in challenging multipath environments.