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<p>The sixth-generation (6G) wireless communication is expected to deliver ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), high throughput, and energy sustainability. Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) has been identified as one of the most important multiple-access schemes for 6G because of its promise to simultaneously serve several users, together with much higher spectral efficiency. On the other hand, channel coding is still essential in meeting reliability and capacity constraints. This paper proposes a concatenated coding named Polar-Turbo Concatenated Coding Scheme (PTCC) tailored for NOMA-based 6G networks. By serially concatenating a polar code as an outer encoder with a turbo code as the inner encoder, the proposed system leverages the capacity-achieving potential of polar codes along with the strong iterative error correction capability of turbo codes. Simulation results under various block lengths and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions demonstrate that the proposed coding scheme significantly reduces Bit Error Rate (BER) and Frame Error Rate (FER). The system is evaluated for both 2-user and 3- user PD-NOMA scenarios over AWGN, Rayleigh, and Rician fading channels. For instance, at N = 512, BER drops to 2.00 × 10<sup>− 6</sup> and FER to 4.00 × 10<sup>− 5</sup> at 8 dB, outperforming smaller block lengths when used for 2-user PD-NOMA. Similar improvement in BER is observed for N = 2048, 4096, 8192 when tested for 3-user PD-NOMA. Additionally, throughput evaluations confirm the scheme’s suitability for high-data-rate scenarios, with all three users reaching nearly 1 Gbps for N = 8192, in a power-allocated NOMA setting. Moreover, the performance of Symbol Error Rate (SER) based on 16-QAM modulation over Rayleigh and Rician fading channels shows that the proposed approach continues to be reliable even in real wireless environmental conditions. The results confirm that the proposed scheme structure provides a balance between reliability and computational complexity and presents a good candidate for forward error correction in future 6G communication systems.</p>

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Polar-Turbo Concatenated Coding Scheme with NOMA in 6G Networks

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月8日

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  • Pooja Pathak,
  • Richa Bhatia

摘要

The sixth-generation (6G) wireless communication is expected to deliver ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), high throughput, and energy sustainability. Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) has been identified as one of the most important multiple-access schemes for 6G because of its promise to simultaneously serve several users, together with much higher spectral efficiency. On the other hand, channel coding is still essential in meeting reliability and capacity constraints. This paper proposes a concatenated coding named Polar-Turbo Concatenated Coding Scheme (PTCC) tailored for NOMA-based 6G networks. By serially concatenating a polar code as an outer encoder with a turbo code as the inner encoder, the proposed system leverages the capacity-achieving potential of polar codes along with the strong iterative error correction capability of turbo codes. Simulation results under various block lengths and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions demonstrate that the proposed coding scheme significantly reduces Bit Error Rate (BER) and Frame Error Rate (FER). The system is evaluated for both 2-user and 3- user PD-NOMA scenarios over AWGN, Rayleigh, and Rician fading channels. For instance, at N = 512, BER drops to 2.00 × 10− 6 and FER to 4.00 × 10− 5 at 8 dB, outperforming smaller block lengths when used for 2-user PD-NOMA. Similar improvement in BER is observed for N = 2048, 4096, 8192 when tested for 3-user PD-NOMA. Additionally, throughput evaluations confirm the scheme’s suitability for high-data-rate scenarios, with all three users reaching nearly 1 Gbps for N = 8192, in a power-allocated NOMA setting. Moreover, the performance of Symbol Error Rate (SER) based on 16-QAM modulation over Rayleigh and Rician fading channels shows that the proposed approach continues to be reliable even in real wireless environmental conditions. The results confirm that the proposed scheme structure provides a balance between reliability and computational complexity and presents a good candidate for forward error correction in future 6G communication systems.