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<p>This paper proposes a Compact, semi-flexible dual-band wearable antenna for WBAN communications. The antenna features a compact rectangular radiating patch with curved isosceles trapezoidal wings on both vertical edges and a central Y-shaped slot. It operates at 2.45&#xa0;GHz and 5.2&#xa0;GHz, offering a compact footprint of 47 × 30 mm<sup>2</sup>, corresponding to 0.384 λ<sub>0</sub> × 0.245 λ<sub>0</sub> at 2.45&#xa0;GHz. The integration of edge shaping, slotting, and a truncated ground plane improves impedance bandwidth and gain. Full-wave simulations and experimental measurements con- firm dual-band operation with fractional bandwidths of 46.53% at 2.45&#xa0;GHz and 49.62% at 5.2&#xa0;GHz. It realizes peak gains of 5.28 dBi/5.51 dBi, and radiation efficiencies of 94.9%/97.5% at the respective bands. SAR values are well within the thresholds set by ICNIRP and FCC, with 0.34/0.26&#xa0;W/kg at 2.45&#xa0;GHz, and 0.62/0.52&#xa0;W/kg at 5.2&#xa0;GHz for 1&#xa0;g and 10&#xa0;g of tissue, respectively. Simulated and measured results agree well, with minor differences due to fabrication and measurement tolerances. An equivalent circuit validates the resonant behavior of the antenna. The bending scenarios and on-body measurements demonstrate stable performance under deformation, confirming the antenna’s potential for reliable use in wearable WBAN systems.</p>

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Design of a Compact Semi-Flexible Dual-Band Wearable Antenna with Improved Bandwidth for On/Off-body WBAN Communications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月28日

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  • S. Sevagan,
  • Bukke Chandrababu Naik

摘要

This paper proposes a Compact, semi-flexible dual-band wearable antenna for WBAN communications. The antenna features a compact rectangular radiating patch with curved isosceles trapezoidal wings on both vertical edges and a central Y-shaped slot. It operates at 2.45 GHz and 5.2 GHz, offering a compact footprint of 47 × 30 mm2, corresponding to 0.384 λ0 × 0.245 λ0 at 2.45 GHz. The integration of edge shaping, slotting, and a truncated ground plane improves impedance bandwidth and gain. Full-wave simulations and experimental measurements con- firm dual-band operation with fractional bandwidths of 46.53% at 2.45 GHz and 49.62% at 5.2 GHz. It realizes peak gains of 5.28 dBi/5.51 dBi, and radiation efficiencies of 94.9%/97.5% at the respective bands. SAR values are well within the thresholds set by ICNIRP and FCC, with 0.34/0.26 W/kg at 2.45 GHz, and 0.62/0.52 W/kg at 5.2 GHz for 1 g and 10 g of tissue, respectively. Simulated and measured results agree well, with minor differences due to fabrication and measurement tolerances. An equivalent circuit validates the resonant behavior of the antenna. The bending scenarios and on-body measurements demonstrate stable performance under deformation, confirming the antenna’s potential for reliable use in wearable WBAN systems.