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<p>This Study presents a hybrid reconfigurable dual-element Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna tailored for Fixed Satellite Services, Wi-Fi, Fixed Wireless Access, and WiMax applications. The proposed design integrates two PIN diodes at the center of the patch element section, enabling four distinct operational states. The antenna achieves resonant frequencies at: (RS1) 4.1, 5, and 7.0&#xa0;GHz; (RS2) 5.0 and 6.5-8&#xa0;GHz; (RS3) 1.8, 4.4, 5, and 6.5&#xa0;GHz; and (RS4) 4.2 and 5.5&#xa0;GHz. Circular polarization is achieved at specific frequencies in each state at 7, 5, 4.4 and 4.2&#xa0;GHz at RS1, RS2, RS3 and RS4 configurations, respectively, classifying the design as Hybrid reconfigurable. The antenna evolution followed a structured design optimization process, transitioning from a single-input single-output (SISO) design to a compact dual-element MIMO structure. The final design incorporates crescent-shaped patch elements and a T-shaped isolation stub, which provides less mutual coupling, good impedance matching, and low return loss. Fabricated on a Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate with a footprint of 40 × 20 × 1.5&#xa0;mm³, the antenna demonstrates compact size, high efficiency, and excellent multi-band performance. Dynamic frequency reconfiguration is achieved through remotely controlled PIN diodes integrated with a NodeMCU module, enabling real-time, remote operation. The simulation results, validated through fabrication and experimental testing, confirm isolation of less than − 40 dB, peak gain of 11 dBi, and return loss characteristics. These features establish the developed MIMO as a strong candidate for adaptive and reconfigurable next-generation wireless communication systems.</p>

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Remotely Controlled Compact Hybrid Reconfigurable Dual-Element MIMO Antenna for Next-Generation Wireless Communication Systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月17日

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  • D. Ram Sandeep,
  • Abdulkarem H. M. Almawgani,
  • S. Salma,
  • K. Phaninder Vinay,
  • Sudha Mohan Reddy Satti,
  • Adam R. H. Alhawari,
  • B. T.P. Madhav

摘要

This Study presents a hybrid reconfigurable dual-element Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna tailored for Fixed Satellite Services, Wi-Fi, Fixed Wireless Access, and WiMax applications. The proposed design integrates two PIN diodes at the center of the patch element section, enabling four distinct operational states. The antenna achieves resonant frequencies at: (RS1) 4.1, 5, and 7.0 GHz; (RS2) 5.0 and 6.5-8 GHz; (RS3) 1.8, 4.4, 5, and 6.5 GHz; and (RS4) 4.2 and 5.5 GHz. Circular polarization is achieved at specific frequencies in each state at 7, 5, 4.4 and 4.2 GHz at RS1, RS2, RS3 and RS4 configurations, respectively, classifying the design as Hybrid reconfigurable. The antenna evolution followed a structured design optimization process, transitioning from a single-input single-output (SISO) design to a compact dual-element MIMO structure. The final design incorporates crescent-shaped patch elements and a T-shaped isolation stub, which provides less mutual coupling, good impedance matching, and low return loss. Fabricated on a Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate with a footprint of 40 × 20 × 1.5 mm³, the antenna demonstrates compact size, high efficiency, and excellent multi-band performance. Dynamic frequency reconfiguration is achieved through remotely controlled PIN diodes integrated with a NodeMCU module, enabling real-time, remote operation. The simulation results, validated through fabrication and experimental testing, confirm isolation of less than − 40 dB, peak gain of 11 dBi, and return loss characteristics. These features establish the developed MIMO as a strong candidate for adaptive and reconfigurable next-generation wireless communication systems.