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<p>This paper presents the design and analysis of a compact, low-profile antenna incorporating a defected ground structure (DGS) for sub-6&#xa0;GHz 5G wireless networks. The antenna features an <i>L</i>-shaped radiating patch positioned on the substrate, with a novel DGS integrated beneath it to enhance bandwidth, impedance matching, and gain. The progressive design stages are analyzed to demonstrate their impact on the scattering parameters, highlighting the optimization process that leads to enhanced antenna performance. Its planar structure and simplified fabrication process make it well-suited for integration into modern wireless devices. Full-wave simulations and experimental measurements confirm the antenna’s performance, exhibiting stable radiation patterns, a peak gain of 3.0 dB within the operating band, and an exceptional impedance matching. The antenna, with overall dimensions of 0.28λ₀ × 0.34λ₀ × 0.018λ₀ (25&#xa0;mm × 30&#xa0;mm × 1.6&#xa0;mm) at an operating frequency of 3.47&#xa0;GHz, is compact compared to existing designs. The λ₀ represents its free-space wavelength at resonating frequency. It covers the frequency range from 3.2&#xa0;GHz to 3.8&#xa0;GHz with a return loss better than − 50 dB. The proposed design is suitable for modern wireless communication systems such as 5G terminals and Internet of Things (IoT) applications requiring space-efficient antennas with reliable performance, particularly in portable and embedded devices.</p>

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A Low-Profile Antenna Design with Defected Ground Structure for Wireless Networks

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月10日

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  • Dilip Kumar Choudhary

摘要

This paper presents the design and analysis of a compact, low-profile antenna incorporating a defected ground structure (DGS) for sub-6 GHz 5G wireless networks. The antenna features an L-shaped radiating patch positioned on the substrate, with a novel DGS integrated beneath it to enhance bandwidth, impedance matching, and gain. The progressive design stages are analyzed to demonstrate their impact on the scattering parameters, highlighting the optimization process that leads to enhanced antenna performance. Its planar structure and simplified fabrication process make it well-suited for integration into modern wireless devices. Full-wave simulations and experimental measurements confirm the antenna’s performance, exhibiting stable radiation patterns, a peak gain of 3.0 dB within the operating band, and an exceptional impedance matching. The antenna, with overall dimensions of 0.28λ₀ × 0.34λ₀ × 0.018λ₀ (25 mm × 30 mm × 1.6 mm) at an operating frequency of 3.47 GHz, is compact compared to existing designs. The λ₀ represents its free-space wavelength at resonating frequency. It covers the frequency range from 3.2 GHz to 3.8 GHz with a return loss better than − 50 dB. The proposed design is suitable for modern wireless communication systems such as 5G terminals and Internet of Things (IoT) applications requiring space-efficient antennas with reliable performance, particularly in portable and embedded devices.