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<p>Developing an acceptable routing strategy for underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) is a challenging task due to the rigorous testing settings of underwater scenarios. Energy confinement is the primary problem in UWSNs. To decrease the energy consumption during data transfer from the source to the base station and increase the lifespan of the network, an energy-efficient strategy must be planned. Turbulence-induced fading is a significant deteriorating factor connected to the underwater channel. Spatial multipath diversity techniques can be applied using UWOC networks to decrease this aging and extend the practical connection distance. In this paper, Gold Rush Optimization based DC biased Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (GRO-DCO-OFDM) is developed for effective data gathering from Underwater seas. The sensor nodes are initially deployed in the underwater region for sensing various information. The deployed nodes are clustered and cluster head (CH) are selected using the rank based algorithm. Then the data from the best cluster head is transferred to the base station. GRO-DCO-OFDM is utilized for data transmission from CH to the base station in this proposed approach. Geographical Location (GL) and Existing Energy Level (EEL) are utilized to prioritize the sensor nodes. After that, the stored data in on-shore BS are given to the off shore station using bandwidth allocation based Dynamic power Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (DP-AODV) protocol. The Wild Geese Migration Optimization algorithm (GMO) is utilized as a bandwidth allocation approach in this proposed method. The proposed method achieves 0.32&#xa0;ms of latency, 0.35&#xa0;ms of propagation delay, and 6.3&#xa0;J of energy consumption. Thus the proposed approach is the best choice for effective data transmission in UWSN.</p>

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Reliable Optical Wireless Communication in Underwater Sensor Networks Using GRO Based DCO-OFDM

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月1日

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  • S. Selvin Pradeep Kumar,
  • Annapurna Gummadi,
  • U. Hariharan,
  • N. Muthukumaran,
  • Vishal Goyal

摘要

Developing an acceptable routing strategy for underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) is a challenging task due to the rigorous testing settings of underwater scenarios. Energy confinement is the primary problem in UWSNs. To decrease the energy consumption during data transfer from the source to the base station and increase the lifespan of the network, an energy-efficient strategy must be planned. Turbulence-induced fading is a significant deteriorating factor connected to the underwater channel. Spatial multipath diversity techniques can be applied using UWOC networks to decrease this aging and extend the practical connection distance. In this paper, Gold Rush Optimization based DC biased Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (GRO-DCO-OFDM) is developed for effective data gathering from Underwater seas. The sensor nodes are initially deployed in the underwater region for sensing various information. The deployed nodes are clustered and cluster head (CH) are selected using the rank based algorithm. Then the data from the best cluster head is transferred to the base station. GRO-DCO-OFDM is utilized for data transmission from CH to the base station in this proposed approach. Geographical Location (GL) and Existing Energy Level (EEL) are utilized to prioritize the sensor nodes. After that, the stored data in on-shore BS are given to the off shore station using bandwidth allocation based Dynamic power Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (DP-AODV) protocol. The Wild Geese Migration Optimization algorithm (GMO) is utilized as a bandwidth allocation approach in this proposed method. The proposed method achieves 0.32 ms of latency, 0.35 ms of propagation delay, and 6.3 J of energy consumption. Thus the proposed approach is the best choice for effective data transmission in UWSN.