Simultaneously Transmitting and Reflecting Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (STAR-RIS) with Hybrid Solar, RF and Wind Energy Harvesting

The throughput of STAR-RIS is derived in this article when the source takes power from the wind, the sun and Radio Frequency (RF) signals to transmit packets to two users \(U_t\) $U_t$ and \(U_r\) $U_r$ located at the transmit and reflect space of STAR-RIS. The harvested power from the sun depends on the radiation intensity that has a Gaussian density. The harvesting process is optimized to enhance the throughput.