Advancements in Patch Antenna Design for Sub-6 GHz 5G Smartphone Application: A Comprehensive Review

The increasing need for swift, low-latency, and reliable wireless transmission in the age of 5G has led to rapid advancements in 5G technology. MIMO systems, originally implemented in 4G applications, remain an integral part of 5G networks. The sub-6-GHz frequency band holds promise for 5G applications, such as improved link and reduced transmission losses. This comprehensive review explores advancements in patch antenna (PA) structure for sub-6 GHz 5G smartphone utilization, addressing the challenges posed by space constraints in mobile devices and the need for efficient integration of antennas. The paper discusses the significance of MIMO antennas in modern cellular communication, particularly in the context of 5G technology, which utilizes sub-6 GHz. Reconfigurable antennas (RAs) and Microstrip Patch Antennas (MPAs) are introduced as solutions, highlighting their compact, cost-effective, and flexible nature. The review delves into critical factors such as geometry, substrate selection, and feed design in optimizing patch antenna performance. It also covers the importance of addressing both sub-6 GHz and mm-wave bands within a single antenna system.