Energy–Efficient Distribution of Resources in Cyber-Physical Internet of Things with 5G/6G Communication Framework

Using a model with a central controller, sensors, and actuators, this research explores the complex dynamics of cyber-physical systems (CPS) and the Internet of Things (IoT) in industrial sectors. Taking into account energy efficiency and channel allocation, the communication structure is thoroughly investigated, including 5G/6G-enabled CPS–IoT. The resource allocation problem is formulated and the model’s adaptability is enhanced by include virtual devices. The goal of the study is to maximise the utility function while following certain limitations on channel allocation, power transmission, and data rates. A MINLP problem, which stands for mixed-integer nonlinear programming, is used to formulate the problem. This work provides valuable insights into power allocation algorithms for sensors and actuators, allowing for maximum energy utilisation through effective use of energy resources utilising the maximum Hungarian approach. The article concludes with algorithms for effective power allocation, which improve the performance of CPS–IoT systems in industrial environments by achieving severe system requirements while maximising energy economy.