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<p>This paper presents a polarization-reconfigurable half-mode substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) antenna configured as a four-element MIMO system for sub-6 GHz 5G applications. The antenna enables dynamic switching between linear and circular polarization modes via a PIN diode integrated along an L-shaped slot in the SIW structure. The design has been thoroughly studied and optimized for impedance bandwidth, axial ratio, and radiation characteristics. The final prototype has been fabricated and experimentally validated, showing good agreement with the simulation results. In circular polarization mode, the proposed antenna achieves an operational bandwidth of 4.7 and 5.8 GHz (~&#xa0;21%), a peak gain of 7.5 dBi, a peak total efficiency of about 82%, and a 3-dB axial ratio centered around 5.2 GHz. In linear polarization mode, the antenna exhibits an impedance bandwidth of 4.8–5.6 GHz (~&#xa0;16.4%), a peak total efficiency of about 80% and a maximum gain of 5 dBi. Additionally, both polarization modes demonstrate satisfactory MIMO performance in terms of envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), diversity gain (DG), mean effective gain (MEG) and channel capacity loss (CCL).</p>

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A polarization reconfigurable quad-port MIMO antenna based on SIW cavities for 5G sub-6 GHz applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月7日

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  • Truong Khang Nguyen,
  • Cong Danh Bui,
  • Trung Kien Pham

摘要

This paper presents a polarization-reconfigurable half-mode substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) antenna configured as a four-element MIMO system for sub-6 GHz 5G applications. The antenna enables dynamic switching between linear and circular polarization modes via a PIN diode integrated along an L-shaped slot in the SIW structure. The design has been thoroughly studied and optimized for impedance bandwidth, axial ratio, and radiation characteristics. The final prototype has been fabricated and experimentally validated, showing good agreement with the simulation results. In circular polarization mode, the proposed antenna achieves an operational bandwidth of 4.7 and 5.8 GHz (~ 21%), a peak gain of 7.5 dBi, a peak total efficiency of about 82%, and a 3-dB axial ratio centered around 5.2 GHz. In linear polarization mode, the antenna exhibits an impedance bandwidth of 4.8–5.6 GHz (~ 16.4%), a peak total efficiency of about 80% and a maximum gain of 5 dBi. Additionally, both polarization modes demonstrate satisfactory MIMO performance in terms of envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), diversity gain (DG), mean effective gain (MEG) and channel capacity loss (CCL).