On-demand routing algorithm for multipath selection based on node load states in mobile ad hoc networks

Due to the high-speed mobility and restricted initial energy of nodes in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), the input and output rates of node data processing mismatch the data processing capabilities of nodes. In addition, the limited bandwidth of the communication paths and the insufficient path cache space can lead to the inability of fast and efficient data transmission in the networks, and even the networks can be paralyzed in the state of extreme congestion. As a common routing protocol in mobile ad hoc networks, AODV (Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector) usually uses the minimum number of routing hops as a single metric for routing path selection, which cannot effectively determine the congestion status of nodes and data transmission paths in the networks. Based on this, this paper proposes a multi-path selection optimization algorithm based on node load states (BLS-AODV) to try to solve the problem of insufficient accuracy of path congestion state prediction that exists in AODV. The proposed algorithm takes node degree, node congestion and energy consumption as optimization indexes, and uses the minimum path congestion as the routing path selection criterion to avoid involving nodes with high congestion and high energy consumption in communication paths, thus reducing the impact of network congestion on routing performance. The simulated results show that the proposed algorithm not only effectively reduces the network overhead and delay, but also increases the data transmission success rate, thus improving the overall performance of the network.