Enabling sustainable green communication in three-tier 5G ultra dense HetNet with sleep cycle modulated energy harvesting

The recent upsurge of data-demanding applications has necessitated a paradigm shift in deployment scenario in the direction of Multi-tier Ultra-Dense Heterogeneous networks (UDHN), which involve the dense deployment of more than one tier of small cells under-laying traditional macro cellular networks. However, higher data rates and the dense deployment of Small cell eNodeBs (SeNBs) elicit a possible escalation of network energy consumption which stirs up the mobile operators' operating expenditure. To deal with this, primarily, in this work, we present the Strategic Sleeping Policy of the SeNBs based on M/M/1 queuing theory and investigate its impact in reducing the power consumption of the proposed three-tier UDHN which consists of one tier of Macro eNodeB and two tiers of SeNBs based on performance metrics like Energy Efficiency and Area Energy Consumption Ratio. Further, we also introduce a novel Sleep Cycle Modulated Energy Harvesting Technique for SeNBs to ensure proper utilization of energy resources. An analytical model based on Continuous Time Markov Chain is also developed to evaluate the Energy Utilization of the proposed SCMEH method. The comprehensive performance analysis reveals that the implementation of integrated SCMEH enabled SeNBs under HetNet can not only guarantee QoS requirements under concurrent time-varying urban tele-traffic conditions but also ensure Sustainable Green Communication by radically controlling the estimated power consumption per hour basis throughout a day.