Exploring machine learning solutions for overcoming challenges in IoT-based wireless sensor network routing: a comprehensive review

An industry-wide paradigm change has been sparked by the growth of Internet of Things (IoT)-based Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), which has made reliable and effective routing methods necessary. This thorough analysis looks at how Machine Learning (ML) techniques may be used to solve the problems that come with WSN routing. A summary of standard routing algorithms and an examination of their shortcomings comprise the first portion of the paper. The integration of ML approaches, such as reinforcement learning and supervised and unsupervised learning, is then explored in order to improve WSN routing efficiency. The article examines the difficulties and factors related to ML-based routing, including data quality, energy efficiency, scalability, and security. Applications and case studies show how ML is really used in WSN routing, offering insights into effective tactics and lessons discovered. Evaluation metrics and performance assessments are included in a separate section that uses simulation and experimental data to compare ML-based and conventional techniques. Looking forward, the study describes new breakthroughs in ML for WSNs and points out unresolved issues, providing a guide for future research paths. The important results and their consequences are outlined in the conclusion, which also highlights how ML has the potential to revolutionize WSN routing in the future.