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<p>The use of yeasts as biocontrol agents to prevent post-harvest fruit diseases offers a promising alternative to synthetic fungicides. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of microbial origin represent an effective strategy for managing post-harvest decay. This study systematically evaluates the role of VOCs produced by the antagonistic yeast <i>Hanseniaspora uvarum</i> LE‑1 against <i>Alternaria alternata</i>, <i>Colletotrichum musae</i>, and <i>Penicillium italicum</i>, causing post-harvest diseases in apples, bananas, and oranges, respectively. In preliminary dual‑plate assays, <i>H. uvarum</i> LE‑1 achieved approximately 50% inhibition of pathogen growth, with maximal suppression observed in <i>C. musae</i>. The VOCs produced by <i>H. uvarum</i> LE-1 exhibited concentration‑dependent inhibition of phytopathogen growth, with maximum suppression observed in <i>C. musae</i> (85%), followed by <i>A. alternata</i> (74%) and <i>P. italicum</i> (54%) at 100&#xa0;µl under in vitro conditions. The volatile compounds produced <i>by H. uvarum</i> LE-1 were mainly alcohols, especially phenyl-ethanol (24.17%), along with some esters and fatty acid derivatives. However, when the yeast was co-cultured with post-harvest pathogens, the volatile profile changed markedly, with higher amounts of hydrocarbons, cycloalkanes, and ketones, resulting in a distinct chemical pattern for each interaction. Further, phenyl-ethanol exhibited strong, concentration-dependent antifungal activity against the test pathogens, significantly inhibiting both mycelial growth and spore germination, where <i>C. musae</i> was found most sensitive under in vitro conditions. In vivo fumigation with phenyl-ethanol significantly suppressed post-harvest diseases by 95.75% in banana, 87.12% in apple, and 78.84% in orange. The in silico investigation additionally revealed that phenyl-ethanol binds stably within sterol-14-α-demethylase of <i>C. musae</i>, supporting its potential to interfere with ergosterol biosynthesis in the fungus. The outcome indicated that microbial or chemical interactions can modulate the volatile metabolome and highlight the potential of yeast-derived volatile compounds as promising tools for sustainable post-harvest disease management.</p>

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Pathogen-induced modulation of the volatile metabolome of Hanseniaspora uvarum LE-1 and its role in post-harvest disease suppression

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月25日

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  • Pratibha Murmu,
  • Aundy Kumar,
  • Deeba Kamil,
  • Aditi Kundu,
  • Subhrautpal Karmakar,
  • S. Rajna,
  • Amrita Das

摘要

The use of yeasts as biocontrol agents to prevent post-harvest fruit diseases offers a promising alternative to synthetic fungicides. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of microbial origin represent an effective strategy for managing post-harvest decay. This study systematically evaluates the role of VOCs produced by the antagonistic yeast Hanseniaspora uvarum LE‑1 against Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum musae, and Penicillium italicum, causing post-harvest diseases in apples, bananas, and oranges, respectively. In preliminary dual‑plate assays, H. uvarum LE‑1 achieved approximately 50% inhibition of pathogen growth, with maximal suppression observed in C. musae. The VOCs produced by H. uvarum LE-1 exhibited concentration‑dependent inhibition of phytopathogen growth, with maximum suppression observed in C. musae (85%), followed by A. alternata (74%) and P. italicum (54%) at 100 µl under in vitro conditions. The volatile compounds produced by H. uvarum LE-1 were mainly alcohols, especially phenyl-ethanol (24.17%), along with some esters and fatty acid derivatives. However, when the yeast was co-cultured with post-harvest pathogens, the volatile profile changed markedly, with higher amounts of hydrocarbons, cycloalkanes, and ketones, resulting in a distinct chemical pattern for each interaction. Further, phenyl-ethanol exhibited strong, concentration-dependent antifungal activity against the test pathogens, significantly inhibiting both mycelial growth and spore germination, where C. musae was found most sensitive under in vitro conditions. In vivo fumigation with phenyl-ethanol significantly suppressed post-harvest diseases by 95.75% in banana, 87.12% in apple, and 78.84% in orange. The in silico investigation additionally revealed that phenyl-ethanol binds stably within sterol-14-α-demethylase of C. musae, supporting its potential to interfere with ergosterol biosynthesis in the fungus. The outcome indicated that microbial or chemical interactions can modulate the volatile metabolome and highlight the potential of yeast-derived volatile compounds as promising tools for sustainable post-harvest disease management.