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<p>Multi-host fungal pathogens severely threaten agricultural sustainability and global food security by reducing crop yields worldwide. Isothiocyanates are sulfur-containing phytochemicals derived from <i>Brassica juncea</i> seeds, and possess potential antimicrobial properties. In this study, Isothiocyanates rich fraction (ITCs) was obtained from seeds, as an oily, light yellow liquid, and the predominant compound was identified as 1-butene-4-isothiocyanate through GC–MS analysis. The ITCs exhibited antifungal activity against <i>Alternaria alternata</i>,<i> Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i>,<i> Pseudocercospora fuligena</i>, and <i>Fusarium solani</i>. The mycelial growth in toxic agar and broth dilution assays was completely suppressed. The mode of action studies revealed that the ITCs treated cells showed alteration in membrane permeability, increase in ROS production and disruption of plasma membrane integrity. The ITCs treated <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (YKB-01) cells showed significant alteration (&gt; 80%) in mitochondrial trans-membrane potential (MTP). These effects suggest that ITCs trigger apoptosis like cell death through simultaneous membrane damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. The incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles with ITCs markedly enhanced its antifungal efficacy, and their combination (ITZnF) showed MIC of 250&#xa0;µg/ml, against <i>F. solani</i>, WsRrK-01, while the MICs of ITC and ZnO-NP were 600&#xa0;µg/ml, and 500&#xa0;µg/ml respectively. Our study on ITZnF provides mechanistic evidence to support the potential fungicidal properties against <i>F. solani</i>, and the combination of two promising natural and botanical derived agents for integration into eco-friendly sustainable disease management practices.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Isothiocyanate based bio-nano formulation for crop protection: mechanistic insights into antifungal action against multi-host phytopathogens

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月18日

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  • Amit Kumar Sinha,
  • Sulagna Haldar,
  • Kishore Babu Bandamaravuri

摘要

Multi-host fungal pathogens severely threaten agricultural sustainability and global food security by reducing crop yields worldwide. Isothiocyanates are sulfur-containing phytochemicals derived from Brassica juncea seeds, and possess potential antimicrobial properties. In this study, Isothiocyanates rich fraction (ITCs) was obtained from seeds, as an oily, light yellow liquid, and the predominant compound was identified as 1-butene-4-isothiocyanate through GC–MS analysis. The ITCs exhibited antifungal activity against Alternaria alternata, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Pseudocercospora fuligena, and Fusarium solani. The mycelial growth in toxic agar and broth dilution assays was completely suppressed. The mode of action studies revealed that the ITCs treated cells showed alteration in membrane permeability, increase in ROS production and disruption of plasma membrane integrity. The ITCs treated Saccharomyces cerevisiae (YKB-01) cells showed significant alteration (> 80%) in mitochondrial trans-membrane potential (MTP). These effects suggest that ITCs trigger apoptosis like cell death through simultaneous membrane damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. The incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles with ITCs markedly enhanced its antifungal efficacy, and their combination (ITZnF) showed MIC of 250 µg/ml, against F. solani, WsRrK-01, while the MICs of ITC and ZnO-NP were 600 µg/ml, and 500 µg/ml respectively. Our study on ITZnF provides mechanistic evidence to support the potential fungicidal properties against F. solani, and the combination of two promising natural and botanical derived agents for integration into eco-friendly sustainable disease management practices.

Graphical Abstract