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<p><i>Fusarium</i> wilt of banana, caused by <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>cubense</i> (<i>Foc</i>), poses a major threat to global banana cultivation. In this study, nine endophytic <i>Streptomyces</i> isolates were evaluated for their antagonistic activity against <i>Foc</i> and their potential to promote banana growth. Dual culture and volatile-mediated inhibition assays identified <i>Streptomyces rochei</i> BBE1 as the most effective, with 65.6% and 73.3% suppression of <i>Foc</i> growth, respectively. Pot trials confirmed that BBE1 significantly enhanced plant growth parameters, including leaf number, root length, pseudo stem height, and girth, while reducing wilt incidence to 17.7% of the disease severity index (DSI). Scanning electron microscopy revealed pronounced hyphal damage, indicating that BBE1 metabolites compromised fungal cell wall integrity. Whole-genome sequencing generated an 8.2&#xa0;Mb draft genome with 7,557 coding sequences, 72 tRNAs, and three rRNAs. Functional annotation highlighted genes involved in metabolism, stress response, defense, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways. The genome encodes 377 carbohydrate-active enzymes and 43 biosynthetic gene clusters, including siderophores, polyketides, non-ribosomal peptides, and lanthipeptides, some of which represent orphan clusters with the potential for novel metabolite discovery. Comparative genomics and pangenome analyses revealed an open genome structure, with 205 BBE1-specific gene clusters that potentially contribute to biocontrol and ecological adaptability. Phylogenomic and ANI analyses confirmed the taxonomic placement of BBE1 within <i>S. rochei</i>, while genomic islands indicated the acquisition of genes related to antibiotic resistance, stress tolerance, and plant interaction. Collectively, these results establish <i>S. rochei</i> BBE1 as a genetically equipped and highly effective biocontrol agent with strong potential for the sustainable management of <i>Fusarium</i> wilt in banana.</p>

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Functional genomics and Pan-genome mining of endophytic Streptomyces rochei BBE1 reveal plant growth-promoting traits and biocontrol potential against banana Fusarium wilt

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月7日

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  • Rajkumar Sudharsan,
  • Arutselvan Vanitha,
  • Chinnan Kannan,
  • Sivaji Jeevanantham,
  • Nelaturi Hima Shankar Reddy,
  • Pulapet Sowmya,
  • Jaganathan Gowri Shankar,
  • Markkandan Kesavan,
  • Rajapandiyan Krishnamoorthy,
  • Mohammad A. Alshuniaber,
  • Magdi A. Osman,
  • Mansour K. Gatasheh

摘要

Fusarium wilt of banana, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), poses a major threat to global banana cultivation. In this study, nine endophytic Streptomyces isolates were evaluated for their antagonistic activity against Foc and their potential to promote banana growth. Dual culture and volatile-mediated inhibition assays identified Streptomyces rochei BBE1 as the most effective, with 65.6% and 73.3% suppression of Foc growth, respectively. Pot trials confirmed that BBE1 significantly enhanced plant growth parameters, including leaf number, root length, pseudo stem height, and girth, while reducing wilt incidence to 17.7% of the disease severity index (DSI). Scanning electron microscopy revealed pronounced hyphal damage, indicating that BBE1 metabolites compromised fungal cell wall integrity. Whole-genome sequencing generated an 8.2 Mb draft genome with 7,557 coding sequences, 72 tRNAs, and three rRNAs. Functional annotation highlighted genes involved in metabolism, stress response, defense, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways. The genome encodes 377 carbohydrate-active enzymes and 43 biosynthetic gene clusters, including siderophores, polyketides, non-ribosomal peptides, and lanthipeptides, some of which represent orphan clusters with the potential for novel metabolite discovery. Comparative genomics and pangenome analyses revealed an open genome structure, with 205 BBE1-specific gene clusters that potentially contribute to biocontrol and ecological adaptability. Phylogenomic and ANI analyses confirmed the taxonomic placement of BBE1 within S. rochei, while genomic islands indicated the acquisition of genes related to antibiotic resistance, stress tolerance, and plant interaction. Collectively, these results establish S. rochei BBE1 as a genetically equipped and highly effective biocontrol agent with strong potential for the sustainable management of Fusarium wilt in banana.