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<p>This study presents a comparative metagenomic analysis of the gut bacterial communities of two sugarcane-infesting mealybug species, <i>Phenacoccus saccharifolii</i> (WR) and <i>Dysmicoccus carens</i> (RR), from Tamil Nadu, India. Using Oxford Nanopore sequencing of the 16s rRNA gene spanning the hypervariable regions V1 - V9 and predictive metagenomics, differences in microbial diversity, taxonomy, and functional potential were assessed to explore the ecological adaptations of the gut microbiota in mealybugs. The <i>D. carens</i> gut microbiome showed higher species richness than <i>P. saccharifolii</i> (WR) (125 vs. 45 species, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) but lower community evenness (0.43 vs. 0.61, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), resulting in similar overall Shannon diversity (2.08 vs. 2.30) despite markedly different community structures, which may be influenced by their different feeding niches, including the sugarcane crown region, leaf sheath tissues, and basal stem and root portions. Both mealybug species exhibited contrasting bacterial community structures. <i>D. carens</i> (RR) harbored high abundances of endosymbionts (43.8%), <i>Gilliamella</i> (22.3%), <i>Enterobacter</i> (18.3%), and <i>Candidatus Tremblaya</i> (9.3%), representing a symbiont-dominated microbiome typical of many hemipteran insects. <i>P. saccharifolii</i> (WR) displayed a distinct profile with <i>Serratia</i> as the dominant genus (43.2%), followed by <i>Enterobacter</i> (20.1%), <i>Klebsiella</i> (14.6%), and substantially reduced endosymbiont abundances (14.8%). Beta diversity analysis revealed distinct community clustering of species, highlighting the variation driven by feeding habitat and host genotype. Functional profiling indicated largely conserved metabolic capabilities dominated by amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism, which was a key to compensate the nutrient-poor phloem sap diet. The core microbiome identified several genera that form complex ecological networks, emphasizing their importance in community stability. These findings provide insights into the role of symbiotic bacteria in mealybug adaptation to different ecological niches within the sugarcane agroecosystem. Understanding these host-microbiome interactions may facilitate the development of targeted, microbiome-based biocontrol strategies for sustainable mealybug management in sugarcane cultivation.</p>

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Comparative metagenomic analysis of bacterial communities associated with two mealybug species, Phenacoccus saccharifolii and Dysmicoccus carens infesting sugarcane in Tamil Nadu, India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月11日

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  • Sandhya Namadara,
  • Ayyamuthu Rajarathinam Uma Pragadeesh,
  • Sivakumar Uthandi,
  • Anandham Rangasamy,
  • Kannan Malaichamy,
  • Manivannan Venkatesan,
  • Manikanda Boopathi Narayanan,
  • Senthilkumar Murugaiyan

摘要

This study presents a comparative metagenomic analysis of the gut bacterial communities of two sugarcane-infesting mealybug species, Phenacoccus saccharifolii (WR) and Dysmicoccus carens (RR), from Tamil Nadu, India. Using Oxford Nanopore sequencing of the 16s rRNA gene spanning the hypervariable regions V1 - V9 and predictive metagenomics, differences in microbial diversity, taxonomy, and functional potential were assessed to explore the ecological adaptations of the gut microbiota in mealybugs. The D. carens gut microbiome showed higher species richness than P. saccharifolii (WR) (125 vs. 45 species, p < 0.05) but lower community evenness (0.43 vs. 0.61, p < 0.05), resulting in similar overall Shannon diversity (2.08 vs. 2.30) despite markedly different community structures, which may be influenced by their different feeding niches, including the sugarcane crown region, leaf sheath tissues, and basal stem and root portions. Both mealybug species exhibited contrasting bacterial community structures. D. carens (RR) harbored high abundances of endosymbionts (43.8%), Gilliamella (22.3%), Enterobacter (18.3%), and Candidatus Tremblaya (9.3%), representing a symbiont-dominated microbiome typical of many hemipteran insects. P. saccharifolii (WR) displayed a distinct profile with Serratia as the dominant genus (43.2%), followed by Enterobacter (20.1%), Klebsiella (14.6%), and substantially reduced endosymbiont abundances (14.8%). Beta diversity analysis revealed distinct community clustering of species, highlighting the variation driven by feeding habitat and host genotype. Functional profiling indicated largely conserved metabolic capabilities dominated by amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism, which was a key to compensate the nutrient-poor phloem sap diet. The core microbiome identified several genera that form complex ecological networks, emphasizing their importance in community stability. These findings provide insights into the role of symbiotic bacteria in mealybug adaptation to different ecological niches within the sugarcane agroecosystem. Understanding these host-microbiome interactions may facilitate the development of targeted, microbiome-based biocontrol strategies for sustainable mealybug management in sugarcane cultivation.