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<p>The effects of isolated and combined inoculation with <i>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</i> (SEMIA 3079 and 5080) and <i>Azospirillum brasilense</i> (Ab-V5), with and without nitrogen fertilization, on nodulation and early soybean growth were evaluated in a greenhouse under controlled temperature and irrigation conditions, using non-sterilized soil. The experimental design included five treatments: (1) urea (200&#xa0;kg ha⁻¹); (2) <i>B. japonicum</i>; (3) <i>A. brasilense</i>; (4) co-inoculation (<i>B. japonicum</i> + <i>A. brasilense</i>); and (5) <i>B. japonicum</i> + 100&#xa0;kg ha⁻¹ of urea. Evaluations were carried out 50 days after sowing and included plant height, shoot and root dry mass, number and fresh mass of nitrogen-fixing nodules, Falker chlorophyll index, and leghemoglobin content. Co-inoculation increased the number of nodules by 26.13% compared to <i>B. japonicum</i> alone (88 → 111 nodules), while <i>A. brasilense</i> alone also promoted nodulation (113.3 nodules), indicating synergy with native soil rhizobia. Higher leghemoglobin levels were observed in nodules under co-inoculation, suggesting enhanced symbiotic functionality, whereas urea application reduced this indicator. Nitrogen fertilization strongly suppressed symbiosis (–75.77% in nodule number and − 83.36% in nodule fresh mass; <i>B. japonicum</i> + N vs. <i>B. japonicum</i>), confirming the inhibitory effect of mineral nitrogen on biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). It is concluded that co-inoculation with <i>B. japonicum</i> (SEMIA 3079 and 5080) and <i>A. brasilense</i> (Ab-V5) enhances nodule functionality and BNF in non-sterile soil conditions, providing a biological basis for reducing reliance on mineral nitrogen in soybean production systems.</p>

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Impact of urea and Azospirillum brasilense on soybean nodulation and early growth

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月5日

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  • Gerusa Pauli Kist Steffen,
  • Ricardo Bemfica Steffen,
  • Adriane Luiza Schú,
  • Thaynam Cristina da Silva Sousa,
  • Liege Camargo da Costa,
  • Jackson Freitas Brilhante de São José

摘要

The effects of isolated and combined inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum (SEMIA 3079 and 5080) and Azospirillum brasilense (Ab-V5), with and without nitrogen fertilization, on nodulation and early soybean growth were evaluated in a greenhouse under controlled temperature and irrigation conditions, using non-sterilized soil. The experimental design included five treatments: (1) urea (200 kg ha⁻¹); (2) B. japonicum; (3) A. brasilense; (4) co-inoculation (B. japonicum + A. brasilense); and (5) B. japonicum + 100 kg ha⁻¹ of urea. Evaluations were carried out 50 days after sowing and included plant height, shoot and root dry mass, number and fresh mass of nitrogen-fixing nodules, Falker chlorophyll index, and leghemoglobin content. Co-inoculation increased the number of nodules by 26.13% compared to B. japonicum alone (88 → 111 nodules), while A. brasilense alone also promoted nodulation (113.3 nodules), indicating synergy with native soil rhizobia. Higher leghemoglobin levels were observed in nodules under co-inoculation, suggesting enhanced symbiotic functionality, whereas urea application reduced this indicator. Nitrogen fertilization strongly suppressed symbiosis (–75.77% in nodule number and − 83.36% in nodule fresh mass; B. japonicum + N vs. B. japonicum), confirming the inhibitory effect of mineral nitrogen on biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). It is concluded that co-inoculation with B. japonicum (SEMIA 3079 and 5080) and A. brasilense (Ab-V5) enhances nodule functionality and BNF in non-sterile soil conditions, providing a biological basis for reducing reliance on mineral nitrogen in soybean production systems.