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<p>Cachexia is a common complication in gastric cancer patients, yet its microbiome-based mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study investigated gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) profiles in gastric cancer cachexia patients to evaluate their potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Fecal samples and clinical data were collected from 24 cachectic and 24 non-cachectic gastric cancer patients. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed via 16&#xa0;S rRNA sequencing, and SCFAs levels were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Bioinformatic approaches identified potential biomarkers and evaluated correlations with clinical features. Cachectic patients exhibited significantly lower BMI, higher weight loss, and elevated inflammatory markers (CRP, IL1, IL6, TNF-α; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Microbial α-diversity was significantly reduced (Shannon and Chao1 indices, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), while β-diversity analyses revealed distinct community structures between groups. Ten genus-level microbial taxa were identified as potential biomarkers, including Faecalibacterium, Prevotella, and Streptococcus (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Functional prediction indicated significant alterations in carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism pathways. SCFAs levels, including acetate, heptanoate, and butyrate, were significantly lower in cachectic patients (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), demonstrating promising diagnostic value (AUC: butyrate 0.792, heptanoate 0.797, acetate 0.760). Strong correlations were observed between microbial composition changes, SCFAs levels, and clinical parameters. This study reveals distinct gut microbiota and SCFAs profiles in gastric cancer cachexia patients, elucidating disease mechanisms and providing insights for early diagnosis and targeted interventions. These findings advance our understanding of cachexia pathophysiology and support developing microbiome-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Multi-omics integration reveals gut Microbiome and Short-chain fatty acid profiles in gastric cancer cachexia patients and their clinical significance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月14日

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  • Hao Liu,
  • Yuxi Cheng,
  • Shanjun Tan,
  • Yidan Qu,
  • Zhige Zhang,
  • Mingyue Yan,
  • Guohao Wu

摘要

Cachexia is a common complication in gastric cancer patients, yet its microbiome-based mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study investigated gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) profiles in gastric cancer cachexia patients to evaluate their potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Fecal samples and clinical data were collected from 24 cachectic and 24 non-cachectic gastric cancer patients. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed via 16 S rRNA sequencing, and SCFAs levels were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Bioinformatic approaches identified potential biomarkers and evaluated correlations with clinical features. Cachectic patients exhibited significantly lower BMI, higher weight loss, and elevated inflammatory markers (CRP, IL1, IL6, TNF-α; p < 0.05). Microbial α-diversity was significantly reduced (Shannon and Chao1 indices, p < 0.05), while β-diversity analyses revealed distinct community structures between groups. Ten genus-level microbial taxa were identified as potential biomarkers, including Faecalibacterium, Prevotella, and Streptococcus (p < 0.05). Functional prediction indicated significant alterations in carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism pathways. SCFAs levels, including acetate, heptanoate, and butyrate, were significantly lower in cachectic patients (p < 0.05), demonstrating promising diagnostic value (AUC: butyrate 0.792, heptanoate 0.797, acetate 0.760). Strong correlations were observed between microbial composition changes, SCFAs levels, and clinical parameters. This study reveals distinct gut microbiota and SCFAs profiles in gastric cancer cachexia patients, elucidating disease mechanisms and providing insights for early diagnosis and targeted interventions. These findings advance our understanding of cachexia pathophysiology and support developing microbiome-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Graphical abstract