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<p>Zinc (Zn) is an essential metal for the metabolism of bacteria, but in high concentrations, it may be toxic to cells. <i>Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus</i> is a Gram-negative bacterium characterized by its ability to promote plant growth. Moreover, <i>G. diazotrophicus</i> can survive under challenging conditions, including metal stress. However, the mechanisms that control its resistance to metals require further investigation. This work investigated the main molecular mechanisms associated with the resistance of <i>G. diazotrophicus</i> PAL5 to Zn. Comparative proteomic analyses aimed to identify molecular pathways, and essential proteins were validated by mutagenesis. The main molecular pathways identified by proteomics included response to oxidative stress, sugar metabolism, nutrient uptake, cell envelope metabolism, protein quality control, and the efflux pump system. Mutagenesis showed that the absence of the genes <i>ggt</i> (response to oxidative stress), <i>pgl</i> (sugar metabolism), <i>accC</i> (cell envelope metabolism), <i>tbdR</i> (nutrient uptake), <i>clpX</i> and <i>degP</i> (protein quality control), and <i>czcC</i> (efflux pump system) increased the sensitivity of <i>G. diazotrophicus</i> mutants to Zn. Our results identified essential molecular mechanisms for Zn resistance in <i>G. diazotrophicus</i>, highlighting the essential role of the pentose phosphate pathway.</p>

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The pentose phosphate pathway is essential for the resistance of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus PAL5 to zinc

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月26日

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  • Júlia Rosa Moreira,
  • Fabiano Silva Soares,
  • Kariny Marley de Castro Martins,
  • Vivian Ribeiro Pimentel,
  • Luciano de Souza Vespoli,
  • Leandro Fernandes Andrade,
  • Mariana Ramos Leandro,
  • Suzane Ariádina de Souza,
  • Aline Chaves Intorne,
  • Caio Cezar Guedes Corrêa,
  • Vanildo Silveira,
  • Gonçalo Apolinário de Souza Filho

摘要

Zinc (Zn) is an essential metal for the metabolism of bacteria, but in high concentrations, it may be toxic to cells. Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus is a Gram-negative bacterium characterized by its ability to promote plant growth. Moreover, G. diazotrophicus can survive under challenging conditions, including metal stress. However, the mechanisms that control its resistance to metals require further investigation. This work investigated the main molecular mechanisms associated with the resistance of G. diazotrophicus PAL5 to Zn. Comparative proteomic analyses aimed to identify molecular pathways, and essential proteins were validated by mutagenesis. The main molecular pathways identified by proteomics included response to oxidative stress, sugar metabolism, nutrient uptake, cell envelope metabolism, protein quality control, and the efflux pump system. Mutagenesis showed that the absence of the genes ggt (response to oxidative stress), pgl (sugar metabolism), accC (cell envelope metabolism), tbdR (nutrient uptake), clpX and degP (protein quality control), and czcC (efflux pump system) increased the sensitivity of G. diazotrophicus mutants to Zn. Our results identified essential molecular mechanisms for Zn resistance in G. diazotrophicus, highlighting the essential role of the pentose phosphate pathway.