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<p>The global propagation of infections is a massive challenge in managing infected wounds. One of the most widely detected bacteria in wounds is <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. These bacteria possess multiple virulence factors, like biofilm formation, which hinder antibiotic treatment. Accordingly, it is vital to explore alternative therapeutics for managing these infections. We estimated the antibacterial and antibiofilm actions of N-acetylcysteine (NC). It revealed antibacterial action with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 256–2048 µg/mL. In addition, NC revealed antibiofilm action as exposed phenotypically from crystal violet assay. The NC diminished the percentages of strong and moderate biofilm-forming isolates from 75% (18 isolates out of 24) to 33.34% (8 isolates out of 24). Scanning electron microscopy and qRT-PCR confirmed NC's antibiofilm action. Furthermore, the antibacterial consequence of NC was investigated in vivo employing a burn wound infection model. NC revealed a remarkable (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) enhancement of the macroscopic wound healing and a decline of the bacterial count in the infected wound tissues compared with the positive control. The histopathological and immunohistochemical investigations elucidated a considerable improvement of the skin wound tissues of the NC-treated group with a decrease in the inflammatory marker immunostained cells (TNF-α, IL-6, and Il-1β) compared to the positive control. Besides, the qRT-PCR exposed an induced upregulation of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and fibronectin genes, which have a role in renovating skin tissues. From the previous outcomes, NC could be a healing agent, mainly in <i>S. aureus</i>-infected wounds. To our knowledge, this is the first time to report the wound healing potential of NC for <i>S. aureus</i>-infected wounds.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Unveiling the potential antibacterial action of acetylcysteine for managing Staphylococcus aureus wound infections: in vitro and in vivo study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月15日

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  • Rehab Ahmed,
  • Engy Elekhnawy

摘要

The global propagation of infections is a massive challenge in managing infected wounds. One of the most widely detected bacteria in wounds is Staphylococcus aureus. These bacteria possess multiple virulence factors, like biofilm formation, which hinder antibiotic treatment. Accordingly, it is vital to explore alternative therapeutics for managing these infections. We estimated the antibacterial and antibiofilm actions of N-acetylcysteine (NC). It revealed antibacterial action with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 256–2048 µg/mL. In addition, NC revealed antibiofilm action as exposed phenotypically from crystal violet assay. The NC diminished the percentages of strong and moderate biofilm-forming isolates from 75% (18 isolates out of 24) to 33.34% (8 isolates out of 24). Scanning electron microscopy and qRT-PCR confirmed NC's antibiofilm action. Furthermore, the antibacterial consequence of NC was investigated in vivo employing a burn wound infection model. NC revealed a remarkable (p < 0.05) enhancement of the macroscopic wound healing and a decline of the bacterial count in the infected wound tissues compared with the positive control. The histopathological and immunohistochemical investigations elucidated a considerable improvement of the skin wound tissues of the NC-treated group with a decrease in the inflammatory marker immunostained cells (TNF-α, IL-6, and Il-1β) compared to the positive control. Besides, the qRT-PCR exposed an induced upregulation of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and fibronectin genes, which have a role in renovating skin tissues. From the previous outcomes, NC could be a healing agent, mainly in S. aureus-infected wounds. To our knowledge, this is the first time to report the wound healing potential of NC for S. aureus-infected wounds.

Graphical abstract