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<p>Phosphorus scarcity and pollution pose dual global challenges, necessitating advanced sorbent materials for sustainable remediation. In this study, a Fe–Co–Zn mixed oxide nanocomposite (MONC) was synthesized via co-precipitation and comprehensively characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM, and BET analyses. The composite exhibited a mesoporous framework with a surface area above 16 m<sup>2</sup>/g, heterogeneous morphology, and abundant active sites. The point of zero charge (pHpzc = 7.1) confirmed amphoteric behavior, enabling effective phosphate uptake under acidic conditions. Batch adsorption experiments identified the 2:3:1 Fe–Co–Zn ratio as optimal, achieving a maximum capacity of 6.58&#xa0;mg/g at 25&#xa0;°C. Kinetic modeling followed a pseudo-second-order model (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.99273), validating chemisorption as the rate-controlling mechanism. Isotherm modeling across 25–50&#xa0;°C strongly favored the Langmuir model (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.99626–0.99693), indicating monolayer adsorption and finite site saturation. Thermodynamic analysis revealed endothermic behavior, with stronger sorbate–sorbent interactions at elevated temperatures. Soil sorption–desorption experiments demonstrated increased phosphate release with higher initial concentrations (10–50&#xa0;mg/kg), yet desorption efficiency remained consistently lower than adsorption, indicating strong binding and partial irreversibility. These findings highlight the Fe–Co–Zn MONC’s structural stability, high adsorption efficiency, and environmental relevance, positioning it as a promising candidate for scalable phosphate recovery and pollution mitigation in aqueous and soil systems.</p>

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Phosphate Adsorption–Desorption Performance of Fe–Co–Zn Mixed Oxide Nanocomposite: Structural Features and Environmental Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月29日

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  • Endazenaw Bizuneh Chemere,
  • Wakshuma Yadesa Mergo,
  • Lemma Temesgen,
  • Mapula Lucey Mavhungu,
  • Washington Mhike,
  • Mxolisi Brendon Shongwe,
  • Abolanle Saheed Adekunle

摘要

Phosphorus scarcity and pollution pose dual global challenges, necessitating advanced sorbent materials for sustainable remediation. In this study, a Fe–Co–Zn mixed oxide nanocomposite (MONC) was synthesized via co-precipitation and comprehensively characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM, and BET analyses. The composite exhibited a mesoporous framework with a surface area above 16 m2/g, heterogeneous morphology, and abundant active sites. The point of zero charge (pHpzc = 7.1) confirmed amphoteric behavior, enabling effective phosphate uptake under acidic conditions. Batch adsorption experiments identified the 2:3:1 Fe–Co–Zn ratio as optimal, achieving a maximum capacity of 6.58 mg/g at 25 °C. Kinetic modeling followed a pseudo-second-order model (R2 = 0.99273), validating chemisorption as the rate-controlling mechanism. Isotherm modeling across 25–50 °C strongly favored the Langmuir model (R2 = 0.99626–0.99693), indicating monolayer adsorption and finite site saturation. Thermodynamic analysis revealed endothermic behavior, with stronger sorbate–sorbent interactions at elevated temperatures. Soil sorption–desorption experiments demonstrated increased phosphate release with higher initial concentrations (10–50 mg/kg), yet desorption efficiency remained consistently lower than adsorption, indicating strong binding and partial irreversibility. These findings highlight the Fe–Co–Zn MONC’s structural stability, high adsorption efficiency, and environmental relevance, positioning it as a promising candidate for scalable phosphate recovery and pollution mitigation in aqueous and soil systems.