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<p>This study investigated the occurrence, seasonal variation, and environmental risk of antibiotics in aquatic systems within livestock-intensive areas of Wenzhou. Thirty-nine antibiotics were analyzed in surface and groundwater during the wet season (August 2024) and dry season (March 2025). Sixteen antibiotics were detected, with significantly higher concentrations observed during the dry season. The concentrations of the 16 detected antibiotics were elevated in the dry season, with total levels approximately 3.7 times higher than in the wet season. Sulfonamides were the most prevalent in terms of concentration, with sulfachloropyridazine (SCP) recording the highest levels—up to 48,673&#xa0;ng/L in the dry season and 11,334&#xa0;ng/L in the wet season. Environmental risk assessment using risk quotients (RQs) indicated that certain antibiotics pose high ecological threats, particularly Tylosin (maximum RQ = 377). These findings demonstrate that local aquatic environments face substantial ecological risks, necessitating urgent implementation of enhanced pollution controls and risk management strategies.</p>

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Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Aquatic Antibiotics in Livestock Farming Concentrated Areas, Wenzhou, China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月30日

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  • Zhihao Zheng,
  • Shisi Zhao,
  • Jinhui Wu,
  • Ziwei Ren,
  • Jingjing Lei,
  • Yuanyuan Gao

摘要

This study investigated the occurrence, seasonal variation, and environmental risk of antibiotics in aquatic systems within livestock-intensive areas of Wenzhou. Thirty-nine antibiotics were analyzed in surface and groundwater during the wet season (August 2024) and dry season (March 2025). Sixteen antibiotics were detected, with significantly higher concentrations observed during the dry season. The concentrations of the 16 detected antibiotics were elevated in the dry season, with total levels approximately 3.7 times higher than in the wet season. Sulfonamides were the most prevalent in terms of concentration, with sulfachloropyridazine (SCP) recording the highest levels—up to 48,673 ng/L in the dry season and 11,334 ng/L in the wet season. Environmental risk assessment using risk quotients (RQs) indicated that certain antibiotics pose high ecological threats, particularly Tylosin (maximum RQ = 377). These findings demonstrate that local aquatic environments face substantial ecological risks, necessitating urgent implementation of enhanced pollution controls and risk management strategies.