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<p>Tropospheric ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) is an air pollutant and phytotoxic stressor that impairs plant physiology and causes chlorotic and necrotic lesions on leaves. While shoot responses are well characterized, the role of root in plant tolerance to O<sub>3</sub> is not elucidated yet. Here, the O<sub>3</sub>-sensitive Pinto common bean cultivar (PI) was reciprocally grafted onto a common bean O<sub>3</sub>-tolerant genotype (R) or the Greek landrace Zargana Kavalas, (ZK) to investigate rootstock effects on plant O<sub>3</sub> responses. Self-grafted (PI/PI, R/R, ZK/ZK), non-grafted (PI, R, ZK), and hetero-grafted (PI/R, PI/ZK, R/PI, ZK/PI) plants were grown in separate walk-in chambers and subjected to either charcoal-filtered air (CF-air) or O<sub>3</sub>-enriched air (eO<sub>3</sub>; 150 ppb × 7 days × 8 h day<sup>−1</sup>). Under eO<sub>3</sub> treatment, both self-grafted and non-grafted PI plants exhibited ~ 33% visible injury, decreased photosynthetic assimilation rate (<i>A</i>), stomatal conductance (g<sub>s</sub>), and CO<sub>2</sub> use efficiency (CUE), reduced photosynthetic pigment content, and elevated oxidative stress indicators (malondialdehyde content, proline, total phenolics, chlorophyll fluorescence). In contrast, grafted sensitive plants onto tolerant rootstocks showed limited visible injuries (&lt; 2%) and maintained more stable physiological and biochemical traits. These findings suggest that plant sensitivity/tolerance to O<sub>3</sub> is root-mediated, and support grafting as a promising strategy to improve plant tolerance to O<sub>3</sub> stress.</p>

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Enhancing Plant Protection Against Ozone-Induced Toxic Stress: An Unexplored Application of Grafting in Phaseolus vulgaris L.

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月30日

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  • Vasiliki Vougeleka,
  • Dimitrios Savvas,
  • Evgenios Agathokleous,
  • Georgia Ntatsi,
  • Costas J. Saitanis

摘要

Tropospheric ozone (O3) is an air pollutant and phytotoxic stressor that impairs plant physiology and causes chlorotic and necrotic lesions on leaves. While shoot responses are well characterized, the role of root in plant tolerance to O3 is not elucidated yet. Here, the O3-sensitive Pinto common bean cultivar (PI) was reciprocally grafted onto a common bean O3-tolerant genotype (R) or the Greek landrace Zargana Kavalas, (ZK) to investigate rootstock effects on plant O3 responses. Self-grafted (PI/PI, R/R, ZK/ZK), non-grafted (PI, R, ZK), and hetero-grafted (PI/R, PI/ZK, R/PI, ZK/PI) plants were grown in separate walk-in chambers and subjected to either charcoal-filtered air (CF-air) or O3-enriched air (eO3; 150 ppb × 7 days × 8 h day−1). Under eO3 treatment, both self-grafted and non-grafted PI plants exhibited ~ 33% visible injury, decreased photosynthetic assimilation rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), and CO2 use efficiency (CUE), reduced photosynthetic pigment content, and elevated oxidative stress indicators (malondialdehyde content, proline, total phenolics, chlorophyll fluorescence). In contrast, grafted sensitive plants onto tolerant rootstocks showed limited visible injuries (< 2%) and maintained more stable physiological and biochemical traits. These findings suggest that plant sensitivity/tolerance to O3 is root-mediated, and support grafting as a promising strategy to improve plant tolerance to O3 stress.