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<p>Lead (Pb) contamination in mining–agricultural regions threatens soil quality, water resources, and food safety in semiarid environments. This study evaluated Pb concentrations in agricultural soils, stream and lentic sediments, surface waters, and mining residues in a historic mining district of north-central Mexico, assessing contamination levels and ecological risks using international guideline values and pollution indices. A total of 23 soil, 8 sediment, 11 surface-water, and 4 mining-residue samples were collected and analyzed for Pb using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry under strict QA/QC procedures. Soil Pb levels ranged from near-background values to highly contaminated hotspots exceeding agricultural soil guidelines, especially in fields near tailings. Sediments from channels and ponds receiving mine drainage showed the highest Pb enrichment, often surpassing threshold and probable effect levels for benthic organisms. Dissolved Pb in surface waters was generally low, but some stream sites exceeded drinking-water criteria, indicating localized risks for human exposure and livestock watering. Mining residues exhibited extremely high Pb concentrations and served as primary sources driving downstream contamination. Contamination factors, geoaccumulation indices, pollution load indices, and potential ecological risk indices consistently classified sediments and residues as highly contaminated and at significant ecological risk. Overall, this comprehensive assessment offers a solid baseline for Pb contamination in a semiarid mining–agricultural landscape and underscores priority areas for mitigation and long-term management monitoring.</p>

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Multi-compartment Assessment of Lead Contamination and Ecological Risk in Soils, Sediments, Surface Waters, and Mining Residues of a Semiarid Mining–Agricultural Region in Mexico

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月20日

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  • Eduardo Rodríguez-Gutiérrez,
  • Juan Armando Flores de la Torre,
  • Víctor Manuel Escot-Espinoza,
  • Alejandro Espinoza-Canales,
  • Daniel García-Cervantes,
  • Héctor Gutiérrez-Bañuelos

摘要

Lead (Pb) contamination in mining–agricultural regions threatens soil quality, water resources, and food safety in semiarid environments. This study evaluated Pb concentrations in agricultural soils, stream and lentic sediments, surface waters, and mining residues in a historic mining district of north-central Mexico, assessing contamination levels and ecological risks using international guideline values and pollution indices. A total of 23 soil, 8 sediment, 11 surface-water, and 4 mining-residue samples were collected and analyzed for Pb using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry under strict QA/QC procedures. Soil Pb levels ranged from near-background values to highly contaminated hotspots exceeding agricultural soil guidelines, especially in fields near tailings. Sediments from channels and ponds receiving mine drainage showed the highest Pb enrichment, often surpassing threshold and probable effect levels for benthic organisms. Dissolved Pb in surface waters was generally low, but some stream sites exceeded drinking-water criteria, indicating localized risks for human exposure and livestock watering. Mining residues exhibited extremely high Pb concentrations and served as primary sources driving downstream contamination. Contamination factors, geoaccumulation indices, pollution load indices, and potential ecological risk indices consistently classified sediments and residues as highly contaminated and at significant ecological risk. Overall, this comprehensive assessment offers a solid baseline for Pb contamination in a semiarid mining–agricultural landscape and underscores priority areas for mitigation and long-term management monitoring.