Identification and Heterologous Spatial Distribution of Eleven Novel Brominated Flame Retardants in Soil from Three Petrochemical Industrial Parks and a Flame Retardant Manufacturing Base
摘要
With the restrictions and prohibitions on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs), commonly used as alternatives to PBDEs, have received increasing environmental attention. However, their occurrence in petrochemical industrial areas remains poorly understood. In this study, 11 NBFRs in surface soil were identified and the spatial distributions were investigated in a flame retardant manufacturing park in Weifang and three petrochemical industrial parks in Tangshan, Jieyang, and Lanzhou, representing different stages of the petrochemical industry chain. NBFRs were generally detected with the highest median concentrations of 8.80 × 104 ng/g dw in the flame retardant manufacturing park in Weifang, which was much higher than those in three petrochemical industrial parks in Lanzhou (227 ng/g dw), Tangshan (45.0 ng/g dw), and Jieyang (2.7 ng/g dw). Decabromodiphenyl ethane was the dominant analogue accounting for over 90% of total NBFRs in the four areas. Spatial distribution patterns showed pronounced point-source characteristics, particularly in Weifang, which is consistent with the presence of a flame retardant manufacturing base. There were only a few chemicals in the three petrochemical parks showed significant correlations, while significant correlations among most NBFRs were observed both in the flame retardant manufacturing park and the surrounding areas in Weifang. Therefore, there were much more complex sources of the target NBFRs in the petrochemical parks compared to the flame retardant manufacturing park.