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<p>Eutrophication has become more frequent due to different sources of nutrient pollution promoting algal growth and possible development of harmful algal blooms. In freshwater public supply reservoirs, these blooms may become a major risk and require fast detection methods. However, current protocols require highly trained personnel for phytoplankton identification and time to be put into routine. Our study proposes an investigation of the phytoplankton community of the Jaguari and Jacareí reservoirs, two eutrophic reservoirs of the Cantareira system – São Paulo, Brazil, using three different approaches: microscopy, saxitoxin quantification through ELISA and molecular analyses involving the amplification of two newly designed primers <i>sxtA</i> and <i>sxtS</i> and sequencing of their amplicons as methods to swiftly identify potential toxin producers. Our results showed a dominance of Cyanobacteria, with a high biomass of <i>R. raciborskii</i>, alongside other less abundant potential producers, displaying sublethal concentrations of STX during both seasons, even in samples where either <i>sxtA</i> or <i>sxtS</i> were not amplified. Sequencing of the amplicons displayed high similarity to <i>R. raciborskii</i>, which was corroborated by microscopic analysis and ELISA as the most likely, and abundant, STX producer of the reservoirs. These results show that amplification of toxin synthesis genes can be a satisfactory fast detection method of the presence of potentially toxic cyanobacteria, and the sequencing of these genes may offer an adequate identification of the most abundant taxa. However, a multi technique approach, integrating toxin quantification methods, is still recommended to avoid false positive or negative results and further comprehend the impacts of cyanobacterial blooms on freshwater environments.</p>

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A Multi Technique Approach for The Identification of Harmful Algal Blooms in Tropical Reservoirs

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月10日

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  • Vinicius de Leles Almagro,
  • Matheus Santos Freitas Ribeiro,
  • Cristina Viana-Niero,
  • Eduardo Vicente,
  • Xavier Sòria-Perpinyà,
  • Marcelo Pompêo,
  • Viviane Moschini-Carlos

摘要

Eutrophication has become more frequent due to different sources of nutrient pollution promoting algal growth and possible development of harmful algal blooms. In freshwater public supply reservoirs, these blooms may become a major risk and require fast detection methods. However, current protocols require highly trained personnel for phytoplankton identification and time to be put into routine. Our study proposes an investigation of the phytoplankton community of the Jaguari and Jacareí reservoirs, two eutrophic reservoirs of the Cantareira system – São Paulo, Brazil, using three different approaches: microscopy, saxitoxin quantification through ELISA and molecular analyses involving the amplification of two newly designed primers sxtA and sxtS and sequencing of their amplicons as methods to swiftly identify potential toxin producers. Our results showed a dominance of Cyanobacteria, with a high biomass of R. raciborskii, alongside other less abundant potential producers, displaying sublethal concentrations of STX during both seasons, even in samples where either sxtA or sxtS were not amplified. Sequencing of the amplicons displayed high similarity to R. raciborskii, which was corroborated by microscopic analysis and ELISA as the most likely, and abundant, STX producer of the reservoirs. These results show that amplification of toxin synthesis genes can be a satisfactory fast detection method of the presence of potentially toxic cyanobacteria, and the sequencing of these genes may offer an adequate identification of the most abundant taxa. However, a multi technique approach, integrating toxin quantification methods, is still recommended to avoid false positive or negative results and further comprehend the impacts of cyanobacterial blooms on freshwater environments.