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<p>Dust generated during construction tunnel excavation threatens workers’ respiratory health and reduces visibility and equipment reliability. To improve dust control in construction tunnels, this study investigated the coupled performance of air-curtain dust isolation and spray dust suppression using similarity experiments and numerical simulation. A scaled experimental platform was established to evaluate the influence of air-curtain outlet velocity on airflow distribution and dust isolation efficiency. A full-scale CFD model was then developed to analyze the effects of fog-cannon location, spray angle, and spray pressure on droplet coverage and dust-capture performance. The experimental results showed that increasing the air-curtain outlet velocity enhanced dust isolation, but excessive velocity increased airflow disturbance in the isolated dust zone. Within the tested velocity range, an air-curtain outlet velocity of 12&#xa0;m/s produced the highest dust isolation efficiency, reaching approximately 85% when the outlet width was 80&#xa0;mm. The numerical results indicated that the fog cannon should be arranged near the air-curtain end on the return-air side, where the spray field can cover the high-concentration dust region without weakening the air-curtain barrier. A nozzle angle of 30° provided a relatively large spray coverage area while maintaining sufficient droplet concentration. When the spray pressure was 3&#xa0;MPa, the droplet size distribution became more compatible with the dominant dust particle size range of 60–125&#xa0;μm, improving the probability of droplet–dust collision and capture.</p>

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Research on Double-Effect Coupling of Air Curtain Dust Isolation and Spray Dust Reduction in Construction Tunnels

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月25日

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  • Xiangdong Yang,
  • Zhongan Jiang,
  • Ya Chen,
  • Jihe Chen,
  • Bin Yang

摘要

Dust generated during construction tunnel excavation threatens workers’ respiratory health and reduces visibility and equipment reliability. To improve dust control in construction tunnels, this study investigated the coupled performance of air-curtain dust isolation and spray dust suppression using similarity experiments and numerical simulation. A scaled experimental platform was established to evaluate the influence of air-curtain outlet velocity on airflow distribution and dust isolation efficiency. A full-scale CFD model was then developed to analyze the effects of fog-cannon location, spray angle, and spray pressure on droplet coverage and dust-capture performance. The experimental results showed that increasing the air-curtain outlet velocity enhanced dust isolation, but excessive velocity increased airflow disturbance in the isolated dust zone. Within the tested velocity range, an air-curtain outlet velocity of 12 m/s produced the highest dust isolation efficiency, reaching approximately 85% when the outlet width was 80 mm. The numerical results indicated that the fog cannon should be arranged near the air-curtain end on the return-air side, where the spray field can cover the high-concentration dust region without weakening the air-curtain barrier. A nozzle angle of 30° provided a relatively large spray coverage area while maintaining sufficient droplet concentration. When the spray pressure was 3 MPa, the droplet size distribution became more compatible with the dominant dust particle size range of 60–125 μm, improving the probability of droplet–dust collision and capture.