<p>Municipal wastewater is a significant vector of pollution and poses risks to public health due to the presence of emerging contaminants, including surfactants and pathogens such as Escherichia coli. Heterogeneous photocatalysis using titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles has emerged as a promising approach for degrading organic pollutants and inactivating microorganisms. In this study, TiO₂ nanoparticles were synthesized via a green method using Moringa oleifera leaf waste extracts, where bioactive compounds act as reducing and stabilizing agents. This approach enables the valorization of lignocellulosic waste while optimizing photocatalytic treatment for surfactant removal and E. coli inactivation. Under optimal conditions (pH 6.8 and a TiO₂ concentration of 12.2&#xa0;g L⁻¹), removal efficiencies reached 85% for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 94% for surfactants, and an inactivation of <i>E. coli</i> that achieved a reduction of 4 logarithmic units (4-Log) in 180&#xa0;min of treatment. The degradation kinetics of surfactants and COD followed a second-order model, with rate constants of 0.0013 and 9 × 10⁻⁵ L mg⁻¹&#xa0;min⁻¹, respectively. These results demonstrate the potential of green-synthesized TiO₂ nanoparticles as a sustainable and cost-effective strategy for municipal wastewater treatment.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>