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<p>The distribution of 16 US EPA priority Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in mangrove soils at Xuan Thuy National Park, Northern Vietnam was systematically evaluated. The amounts of naphthalene (Nap), acenaphthylene (Acy), acenaphthene (Ace), fluorene (Flu), phenanthrene (Phe), anthracene (Ant), fluoranthene (Flt), pyrene (Pyr), chrysene (Chr), benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF), benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (Ind), dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (DahA), and benzo[g,h,i]perylene (BghiP) in mangrove soils were quantified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The results based on quantitative analysis of 103 soil samples from 31 cores in 4 layers (0–15, 15–30, 30–50, and 50–100&#xa0;cm) indicated that the total amount of 16 PAHs decreased with increasing depth with the highest values obtained from surface soil samples and the lowest from a depth of 50–100&#xa0;cm. Low molecular weight (LMW) PAH concentration was less than 50% of high molecular weight (HMW) PAH concentration. The LMW/HMW ratio, which varied significantly (0.09–5.39), suggests that PAH emissions are predominantly derived from pyrogenic sources. Using hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis, the PAH content was classified into different groups of high similarity. Our findings provide new insight into the depth distribution of PAHs in mangrove soils and highlight the significance of long-term monitoring and pollution mitigation in wetland ecosystems.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Distribution and Emission Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Mangrove Soils at Xuan Thuy National Park, Vietnam

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月14日

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  • Kim Thuy Nguyen,
  • Xuan Truong Nghiem,
  • Bao Hung Le,
  • Hai Ngoc Ha,
  • Tien Duc Pham

摘要

The distribution of 16 US EPA priority Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in mangrove soils at Xuan Thuy National Park, Northern Vietnam was systematically evaluated. The amounts of naphthalene (Nap), acenaphthylene (Acy), acenaphthene (Ace), fluorene (Flu), phenanthrene (Phe), anthracene (Ant), fluoranthene (Flt), pyrene (Pyr), chrysene (Chr), benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF), benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (Ind), dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (DahA), and benzo[g,h,i]perylene (BghiP) in mangrove soils were quantified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The results based on quantitative analysis of 103 soil samples from 31 cores in 4 layers (0–15, 15–30, 30–50, and 50–100 cm) indicated that the total amount of 16 PAHs decreased with increasing depth with the highest values obtained from surface soil samples and the lowest from a depth of 50–100 cm. Low molecular weight (LMW) PAH concentration was less than 50% of high molecular weight (HMW) PAH concentration. The LMW/HMW ratio, which varied significantly (0.09–5.39), suggests that PAH emissions are predominantly derived from pyrogenic sources. Using hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis, the PAH content was classified into different groups of high similarity. Our findings provide new insight into the depth distribution of PAHs in mangrove soils and highlight the significance of long-term monitoring and pollution mitigation in wetland ecosystems.

Graphical Abstract