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<p>The concurrent elimination of both inorganic and organic contaminants from wastewater, along with rising atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> levels, presents a major environmental challenge. This study introduces an eco-friendly activated carbon derived from <i>Lippia alba</i> leaves (LAAC) as a novel multifunctional adsorbent capable of removing Pb<sup>2+</sup> ions, basic fuchsin dye, and capturing CO<sub>2</sub>. The synthesized LAAC was systematically characterized using XRD, FESEM-EDAX, TGA, FTIR, BET-BJH analysis, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, and zeta potential measurements. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of pH, contact time, temperature, adsorbent dosage, and initial contaminant concentration for the removal study of metal ion and dye. Adsorption of both Pb<sup>2+</sup> and basic fuchsin followed the Freundlich isotherm, &#xa0;while maximum monolayer adsorption&#xa0;capacities &#xa0;were 141.47&#xa0;mg/g and 60.39&#xa0;mg/g, respectively. Kinetic studies confirmed a pseudo second order model, while thermodynamic results indicated that adsorption was spontaneous and exothermic. To further enhance process efficiency, ten machine learning algorithms were employed to optimize adsorption conditions and improve predictive accuracy. Additionally, LAAC demonstrated a notable CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption capacity of 58.58 cm<sup>3</sup>/g at 288&#xa0;K, highlighting its potential in atmospheric carbon capture. Overall, the study establishes <i>Lippia alba</i> based activated carbon as a sustainable and efficient material for simultaneous wastewater treatment and CO<sub>2</sub> mitigation, offering a promising pathway toward green and integrated environmental remediation technologies.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Activated Carbon Derived from Lippia alba Leaves for the Removal of Lead (II) Ions and Basic Fuchsin Dye from Aqueous Solutions through Machine Learning Driven Optimization and Its Potential in CO2 Capture

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月6日

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  • Suprakash Rabha,
  • Taibur Rahman,
  • Tapabrat Thakuria,
  • Kaushik Barman,
  • Lipi B. Mahanta,
  • Arundhuti Devi

摘要

The concurrent elimination of both inorganic and organic contaminants from wastewater, along with rising atmospheric CO2 levels, presents a major environmental challenge. This study introduces an eco-friendly activated carbon derived from Lippia alba leaves (LAAC) as a novel multifunctional adsorbent capable of removing Pb2+ ions, basic fuchsin dye, and capturing CO2. The synthesized LAAC was systematically characterized using XRD, FESEM-EDAX, TGA, FTIR, BET-BJH analysis, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, and zeta potential measurements. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of pH, contact time, temperature, adsorbent dosage, and initial contaminant concentration for the removal study of metal ion and dye. Adsorption of both Pb2+ and basic fuchsin followed the Freundlich isotherm,  while maximum monolayer adsorption capacities  were 141.47 mg/g and 60.39 mg/g, respectively. Kinetic studies confirmed a pseudo second order model, while thermodynamic results indicated that adsorption was spontaneous and exothermic. To further enhance process efficiency, ten machine learning algorithms were employed to optimize adsorption conditions and improve predictive accuracy. Additionally, LAAC demonstrated a notable CO2 adsorption capacity of 58.58 cm3/g at 288 K, highlighting its potential in atmospheric carbon capture. Overall, the study establishes Lippia alba based activated carbon as a sustainable and efficient material for simultaneous wastewater treatment and CO2 mitigation, offering a promising pathway toward green and integrated environmental remediation technologies.

Graphical Abstract