<p>Soil degradation represents a critical environmental concern in tropical highland horticultural systems, where intensive land use and high agrochemical inputs are common management practices. This study evaluates multidimensional soil condition using an integrated <i>Soil Quality Index</i> (SQI) framework that combines physical, chemical, and contamination-related indicators (including Pb, Cd, and Ni) within an <i>Analytic Network Process</i> (ANP) weighting structure. The research was conducted in two intensively cultivated horticultural villages in West Java, Indonesia. A total of 63 composite soil samples (0–20&#xa0;cm depth) were collected across six major crop systems representing different agrochemical input intensities. Indicator selection was based on statistical screening, followed by ANP-derived weighting using structured expert elicitation to account for interdependencies among soil attributes. SQI scores were calculated through normalized weighted aggregation and classified on a 0–10 scale, where lower values indicate poorer soil condition. SQI values ranged from 3.0 to 3.9, with the lowest values recorded in chili and tomato plots and the highest in pakcoy and leek plots. A statistically significant moderate-to-strong negative association was identified between total agrochemical input intensity and SQI (r = –0.64, p &lt; 0.01). Conversely, SQI exhibited a strong positive correlation with horticultural productivity (r = 0.94–0.97; R² = 0.88–0.94; p &lt; 0.05). Rather than implying direct causality, these findings suggest that intensified agrochemical management is strongly associated with reduced multidimensional soil quality. The ANP-based SQI model integrates contamination indicators and yield validation, offering a context-sensitive diagnostic framework for monitoring soil health, optimizing input management, and promoting sustainable horticultural practices in tropical highland ecosystems.</p>