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<p>Senegal's growing demand for fish protein, paired with declining wild fish stocks, has prompted the strategic development of inland aquaculture. This study provides the first assessment of pesticide contamination in surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW) across Senegal’s major aquaculture zones. Eighteen intake water samples were collected during the 2022 rainy season from 17 aquaculture farms located across the Senegal, Gambia, and Casamance river basins. A total of 136 substances including 44 active substances (ASs) and 92 transformation products (TPs) were targeted and analyzed using. The results showed that only three parent pesticides (atrazine, N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET), and metolachlor), were quantified in the analyzed samples, while no transformation products (TPs) were detected. DEET was the most frequently quantified compound (67% of samples) and was found in both SW and GW sources, with concentrations ranging from 27 to 82&#xa0;ng L⁻<sup>1</sup>, likely related to its widespread use as a personal insect repellent. Atrazine was quantified exclusively in SW samples collected along the Senegal River at 11&#xa0;ng L⁻<sup>1</sup>, whereas metolachlor was quantified once in SW from the Gambia River basin and once in GW from the Casamance region, both at 8&#xa0;ng L⁻<sup>1</sup>. The absence of contamination in most samples, especially by banned or high-risk pesticides, contrasts with previous studies conducted in Senegal that focused on intensive vegetable farming areas such as the Niayes, suggesting limited pesticide application in current aquaculture zones. These results provide a valuable baseline, indicating generally good water quality for aquaculture and drinking water supply, while highlighting the need to monitor additional emerging contaminants like DEET.</p>

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Pesticide Contamination in Freshwater Resources Across Senegal: Implications for Drinking Water Safety and Sustainable Aquaculture Development

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月29日

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  • Safietou Mbaye,
  • Gaspard Conseil,
  • Jean Fall,
  • Dani Khoury,
  • Marion Huguet-Cizo,
  • Christophe Rosin,
  • Frédéric Pierlot,
  • Damien Banas

摘要

Senegal's growing demand for fish protein, paired with declining wild fish stocks, has prompted the strategic development of inland aquaculture. This study provides the first assessment of pesticide contamination in surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW) across Senegal’s major aquaculture zones. Eighteen intake water samples were collected during the 2022 rainy season from 17 aquaculture farms located across the Senegal, Gambia, and Casamance river basins. A total of 136 substances including 44 active substances (ASs) and 92 transformation products (TPs) were targeted and analyzed using. The results showed that only three parent pesticides (atrazine, N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET), and metolachlor), were quantified in the analyzed samples, while no transformation products (TPs) were detected. DEET was the most frequently quantified compound (67% of samples) and was found in both SW and GW sources, with concentrations ranging from 27 to 82 ng L⁻1, likely related to its widespread use as a personal insect repellent. Atrazine was quantified exclusively in SW samples collected along the Senegal River at 11 ng L⁻1, whereas metolachlor was quantified once in SW from the Gambia River basin and once in GW from the Casamance region, both at 8 ng L⁻1. The absence of contamination in most samples, especially by banned or high-risk pesticides, contrasts with previous studies conducted in Senegal that focused on intensive vegetable farming areas such as the Niayes, suggesting limited pesticide application in current aquaculture zones. These results provide a valuable baseline, indicating generally good water quality for aquaculture and drinking water supply, while highlighting the need to monitor additional emerging contaminants like DEET.