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<p>The NiZnFe₂O₄ and NiZnFe₂O₄/PVA, PVP bi-polymer composite ferrite nanoparticles were prepared by the co-precipitation method. The spinel structure of NiZnFe₂O₄ with good crystallinity was confirmed by XRD analysis, and the crystallite sizes were determined to be 20.03&#xa0;nm for NiZnFe₂O₄ and 25.4&#xa0;nm for the NiZnFe₂O₄/PVA, PVP. SEM data revealed well-distributed ferrite particles in rough, porous structures. The distinctive metal oxygen vibrations of the spinel ferrite structure were validated by FTIR spectra. The effects of pH, adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration, contact time, and temperature on dye removal were investigated through batch adsorption experiments. Due to advantageous electrostatic interactions between the adsorbent surface and the anionic dye molecules, maximum adsorption took place at acidic pH. With a higher correlation coefficient (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9739), the adsorption kinetics of the NiZnFe₂O₄/PVA, PVP composite were consistent with the pseudo-first-order model. Isotherm studies proved that NiZnFe₂O₄ followed the Langmuir model, whereas the composite showed higher correlation with the Freundlich model, indicating heterogeneous multilayer adsorption. Greater disorder during adsorption was observed&#xa0;with positive ΔH° and ΔS° values from thermodynamic analysis, whereas positive ΔG° values showed that the process was non-spontaneous at the examined conditions. The NiZnFe₂O₄/PVA, PVP composite generally shows more efficient adsorption performance than pure NiZnFe₂O₄ due to greater surface roughness and the presence of polymer functional groups. As a result, this composite material exhibits encouraging potential as an effective adsorbent for the elimination of dye contaminants from wastewater. The NiZnFe₂O₄/PVA, PVP composite exhibited better adsorption performance than pure NiZnFe₂O₄, and the highest removal efficiency is 99% of Orange 122 dye was attained under optimal conditions of acidic pH, 0.03&#xa0;g adsorbent dosage, 50&#xa0;mg/g dye concentration, with 4&#xa0;h contact duration.</p>

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Fabrication of Magnetic Polyvinyl Alcohol and Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone Ferrite Nanocomposites for the Removal of Reactive Dyes from wastewater by Adsorption Process

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月27日

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  • Muhammad Hasnain,
  • Abdul Qadir Ahmad,
  • Muhammad Junaid,
  • Anam Zulfiqar,
  • Rizwan Ali,
  • Hafiz Muhammad Waqar Abid,
  • Rajesh Kumar Manavalan,
  • Khalid Bilal,
  • Mahmoud F. Y. Shalaby

摘要

The NiZnFe₂O₄ and NiZnFe₂O₄/PVA, PVP bi-polymer composite ferrite nanoparticles were prepared by the co-precipitation method. The spinel structure of NiZnFe₂O₄ with good crystallinity was confirmed by XRD analysis, and the crystallite sizes were determined to be 20.03 nm for NiZnFe₂O₄ and 25.4 nm for the NiZnFe₂O₄/PVA, PVP. SEM data revealed well-distributed ferrite particles in rough, porous structures. The distinctive metal oxygen vibrations of the spinel ferrite structure were validated by FTIR spectra. The effects of pH, adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration, contact time, and temperature on dye removal were investigated through batch adsorption experiments. Due to advantageous electrostatic interactions between the adsorbent surface and the anionic dye molecules, maximum adsorption took place at acidic pH. With a higher correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9739), the adsorption kinetics of the NiZnFe₂O₄/PVA, PVP composite were consistent with the pseudo-first-order model. Isotherm studies proved that NiZnFe₂O₄ followed the Langmuir model, whereas the composite showed higher correlation with the Freundlich model, indicating heterogeneous multilayer adsorption. Greater disorder during adsorption was observed with positive ΔH° and ΔS° values from thermodynamic analysis, whereas positive ΔG° values showed that the process was non-spontaneous at the examined conditions. The NiZnFe₂O₄/PVA, PVP composite generally shows more efficient adsorption performance than pure NiZnFe₂O₄ due to greater surface roughness and the presence of polymer functional groups. As a result, this composite material exhibits encouraging potential as an effective adsorbent for the elimination of dye contaminants from wastewater. The NiZnFe₂O₄/PVA, PVP composite exhibited better adsorption performance than pure NiZnFe₂O₄, and the highest removal efficiency is 99% of Orange 122 dye was attained under optimal conditions of acidic pH, 0.03 g adsorbent dosage, 50 mg/g dye concentration, with 4 h contact duration.