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<p>Oil and gas production significantly contribute to economic development but poses substantial risks to water quality, affecting ecosystems, public health, and livelihoods. This study assesses the impact of oil and gas production on surface water quality in Bentiu, Unity State. This study employed a environmental assessment supported by laboratory analytical chemistry techniques, where surface water samples collected were analyzed for physicochemical parameters. Water quality analysis reveals persistent contamination, particularly in the Nahm and Abuk rivers, where lead and hydrocarbon levels exceed acceptable limits. Seasonal variations further exacerbate pollution, with post-wet season runoff increasing turbidity and heavy metal concentrations, highlighting the inadequacy of existing mitigation measures. The findings underscore the urgent need for strengthening regulatory frameworks and institutional capacity to enhance environmental oversight. Effective enforcement mechanisms, supported by technical expertise and resources, are critical for monitoring industrial pollutants. Additionally, continuous water quality monitoring is essential to track key environmental indicators and mitigate pollution risks. This study emphasizes the necessity of stricter regulations and improved monitoring systems to safeguard local water resources from the adverse effects of oil and gas production activities.</p>

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The Impacts of Oil and Gas Production to Surface Water Quality in Bentiu Unity State, South Sudan

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月21日

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  • Bul Duot Kuer,
  • David Mugendi,
  • Sammy Letema

摘要

Oil and gas production significantly contribute to economic development but poses substantial risks to water quality, affecting ecosystems, public health, and livelihoods. This study assesses the impact of oil and gas production on surface water quality in Bentiu, Unity State. This study employed a environmental assessment supported by laboratory analytical chemistry techniques, where surface water samples collected were analyzed for physicochemical parameters. Water quality analysis reveals persistent contamination, particularly in the Nahm and Abuk rivers, where lead and hydrocarbon levels exceed acceptable limits. Seasonal variations further exacerbate pollution, with post-wet season runoff increasing turbidity and heavy metal concentrations, highlighting the inadequacy of existing mitigation measures. The findings underscore the urgent need for strengthening regulatory frameworks and institutional capacity to enhance environmental oversight. Effective enforcement mechanisms, supported by technical expertise and resources, are critical for monitoring industrial pollutants. Additionally, continuous water quality monitoring is essential to track key environmental indicators and mitigate pollution risks. This study emphasizes the necessity of stricter regulations and improved monitoring systems to safeguard local water resources from the adverse effects of oil and gas production activities.