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<p>Titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>)-mediated photodynamic therapy has emerged as a promising antibacterial strategy. To further enhance the photocatalytic activity of TiO<sub>2</sub>, we have rationally designed cobalt-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposites (C/Co/TiO<sub>2-x</sub>) via a sol–gel synthesis approach. The synthesized materials were systematically characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS). Structural analyses confirmed the presence of Ti, O, C, and Co elements, exhibiting a block-like morphology with a dominant anatase crystalline phase. Notably, the optimized material exhibits an extended visible-light absorption edge (762&#xa0;nm) accompanied by a reduced band gap (1.63&#xa0;eV), demonstrating significantly enhanced visible-light harvesting efficiency. Antibacterial evaluations revealed that the C/Co/TiO<sub>2-x</sub> nanocomposite (5&#xa0;mg/mL) achieved complete inactivation of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) and <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) within 60 and 100&#xa0;min, respectively, under visible-light irradiation (7 W LED). Radical trapping experiments identified photogenerated holes (h<sup>+</sup>) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH) as the predominant reactive species responsible for bacterial inactivation. In vitro cytotoxicity assessment demonstrated excellent biocompatibility of the material. This study successfully illustrates the synthesis of C/Co/TiO<sub>2-x</sub> nanocomposites, which exhibit promising potential for antibacterial applications.</p>

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Preparation of C and Co co-doped TiO2 Nanomaterials for Visible-Light Photocatalytic Antibacterial Activity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月8日

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  • Chunhui Meng,
  • Yuena Li,
  • Qitong He,
  • Yue Hao,
  • Wenjun Yin,
  • Huang Zhou,
  • Ping Li

摘要

Titanium dioxide (TiO2)-mediated photodynamic therapy has emerged as a promising antibacterial strategy. To further enhance the photocatalytic activity of TiO2, we have rationally designed cobalt-doped TiO2 nanocomposites (C/Co/TiO2-x) via a sol–gel synthesis approach. The synthesized materials were systematically characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS). Structural analyses confirmed the presence of Ti, O, C, and Co elements, exhibiting a block-like morphology with a dominant anatase crystalline phase. Notably, the optimized material exhibits an extended visible-light absorption edge (762 nm) accompanied by a reduced band gap (1.63 eV), demonstrating significantly enhanced visible-light harvesting efficiency. Antibacterial evaluations revealed that the C/Co/TiO2-x nanocomposite (5 mg/mL) achieved complete inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) within 60 and 100 min, respectively, under visible-light irradiation (7 W LED). Radical trapping experiments identified photogenerated holes (h+) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH) as the predominant reactive species responsible for bacterial inactivation. In vitro cytotoxicity assessment demonstrated excellent biocompatibility of the material. This study successfully illustrates the synthesis of C/Co/TiO2-x nanocomposites, which exhibit promising potential for antibacterial applications.