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<p>Assessment of Landfill Gas (LFG) emissions and their dispersion is critical for informing proper decision-making in air quality management, climate mitigation, and renewable energy planning. This study focuses on LFG emissions and their dispersion et al.-Nabai landfill, with a simulation focused on the peak year of 2028. Using field data, the methane generation potential (L₀) and methane generation rate (k) were estimated to be 71.29 m3/Mg and 0.016 yr⁻1, respectively. Based on the estimates of LandGEM model, the total amount of landfill emissions in 2025 was 5.845E + 04 Mg/year, peaking in 2028 at 8.689E + 04 Mg/year. Dispersion modeling using AERMOD, combined with GIS and driven by 2028 LandGEM emission estimation, revealed that northwesterly winds transport pollutants to high-population areas in central and eastern Baghdad. The maximum concentrations near the source were 184,370 µg/m3 for CH<sub>4</sub>, 496,201 µg/m3 for CO<sub>2</sub>, 7,932 µg/m3 for NMOCs, and 89.6 µg/m3 for CO during 2028 and dropped by 83.4% within 10 km. Due to higher emission rates, CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> exhibited greater spatial dispersion, whereas NMOCs and CO showed faster attenuation. The results indicated that the potential energy recovery from methane was 80.07 GWh/year and the surface ozone formation potential was 324.94 Mg/year. Therefore, these results highlight the dual challenge of uncontrolled emissions and the concurrent opportunity for energy recovery. The study presents a robust modeling framework that integrates LandGEM, AERMOD, and GIS-based spatial analysis, offering critical insights for environmental planning, landfill management, and air quality policy in rapidly growing cities such as Baghdad.</p>

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Assessment of Landfill Gas Emissions, Dispersion, and Methane-to-Energy Potential Using LandGEM–AERMOD–GIS: Al-Nabai Landfill, Baghdad, Iraq

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月31日

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  • Zaid Qahtan Tayyeh,
  • Widad Fadhullah

摘要

Assessment of Landfill Gas (LFG) emissions and their dispersion is critical for informing proper decision-making in air quality management, climate mitigation, and renewable energy planning. This study focuses on LFG emissions and their dispersion et al.-Nabai landfill, with a simulation focused on the peak year of 2028. Using field data, the methane generation potential (L₀) and methane generation rate (k) were estimated to be 71.29 m3/Mg and 0.016 yr⁻1, respectively. Based on the estimates of LandGEM model, the total amount of landfill emissions in 2025 was 5.845E + 04 Mg/year, peaking in 2028 at 8.689E + 04 Mg/year. Dispersion modeling using AERMOD, combined with GIS and driven by 2028 LandGEM emission estimation, revealed that northwesterly winds transport pollutants to high-population areas in central and eastern Baghdad. The maximum concentrations near the source were 184,370 µg/m3 for CH4, 496,201 µg/m3 for CO2, 7,932 µg/m3 for NMOCs, and 89.6 µg/m3 for CO during 2028 and dropped by 83.4% within 10 km. Due to higher emission rates, CH4 and CO2 exhibited greater spatial dispersion, whereas NMOCs and CO showed faster attenuation. The results indicated that the potential energy recovery from methane was 80.07 GWh/year and the surface ozone formation potential was 324.94 Mg/year. Therefore, these results highlight the dual challenge of uncontrolled emissions and the concurrent opportunity for energy recovery. The study presents a robust modeling framework that integrates LandGEM, AERMOD, and GIS-based spatial analysis, offering critical insights for environmental planning, landfill management, and air quality policy in rapidly growing cities such as Baghdad.