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<p>The escalating discharge of synthetic dyes into aquatic ecosystems poses a severe threat to global water security, necessitating the development of efficient remediation technologies. The production of Clay-based adsorbents like (Bentonite)/Nickel ferrite (B/NiF), Clay (Bentonite)/Zinc ferrite (B/ZnF), and Clay (Bentonite)/Graphene oxide/Zinc ferrite (B/GO/ZnF) is accomplished by the co-precipitation process. The research focuses on evaluating the effects of key operational parameters, including pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and initial dye concentration, on the adsorption capacity for Basic Fuchsin (BF) dye. Structural and morphological properties of the synthesized adsorbents were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). B/GO/ZnF showed a Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity (q<sub>m</sub>) of 131.57&#xa0;mg/g and best adsorption capacity of 49.256&#xa0;mg/g in the basic pH range (8–9) with dosage 0.05&#xa0;g/50&#xa0;mL, within 60&#xa0;min, and 125&#xa0;mg/L initial dye concentration. Kinetic data followed a pseudo-second-order model, while the Langmuir isotherm provided the best fit for the equilibrium data. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed negative Gibbs free energy (∆G ranging from -5.4 to -8.2&#xa0;kJ/mol), confirming spontaneity, and a negative enthalpy ∆H = -24.15&#xa0;kJ/mol), indicating an exothermic process. These findings suggest that B/GO/ZnF is a highly effective and recyclable adsorbent for the treatment of dye-contaminated wastewater.</p>

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Synthesis of Novel Bentonite Composites for Enhanced Remediation of Basic Fuchsin Dye

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月1日

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  • Ayesha Naseer,
  • Ruba Munir,
  • Gadah Albasher,
  • Muhammad Husnain Manzoor,
  • Murtaza Sayed,
  • Faheem Abbas,
  • Saima Noreen

摘要

The escalating discharge of synthetic dyes into aquatic ecosystems poses a severe threat to global water security, necessitating the development of efficient remediation technologies. The production of Clay-based adsorbents like (Bentonite)/Nickel ferrite (B/NiF), Clay (Bentonite)/Zinc ferrite (B/ZnF), and Clay (Bentonite)/Graphene oxide/Zinc ferrite (B/GO/ZnF) is accomplished by the co-precipitation process. The research focuses on evaluating the effects of key operational parameters, including pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and initial dye concentration, on the adsorption capacity for Basic Fuchsin (BF) dye. Structural and morphological properties of the synthesized adsorbents were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). B/GO/ZnF showed a Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity (qm) of 131.57 mg/g and best adsorption capacity of 49.256 mg/g in the basic pH range (8–9) with dosage 0.05 g/50 mL, within 60 min, and 125 mg/L initial dye concentration. Kinetic data followed a pseudo-second-order model, while the Langmuir isotherm provided the best fit for the equilibrium data. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed negative Gibbs free energy (∆G ranging from -5.4 to -8.2 kJ/mol), confirming spontaneity, and a negative enthalpy ∆H = -24.15 kJ/mol), indicating an exothermic process. These findings suggest that B/GO/ZnF is a highly effective and recyclable adsorbent for the treatment of dye-contaminated wastewater.