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<p>Pharmaceutical wastewater consists of various residues or compounds like nitrogen, organic materials, dissolved compounds that increase the physico-chemical parameters like Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). The Effluent Treatment Plants (ETPs) are established in these pharmaceutical units that undergo primary, secondary and tertiary treatment levels to discharge wastewater under permissible limits. These conventional ETPs may not be able to remove some emerging contaminants, and resistant microbes present in wastewater. Microbial consortium for wastewater treatment has highlighted the applicability of environmentally friendly and cost-effective techniques. In this study, four bacterial strains comprising of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> sp., <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> sp., <i>Bacillus cereus</i> sp. and <i>Escherichia. coli</i> sp. was isolated from the untreated wastewater and screened for its ability to decrease the BOD and COD. The effect of four variables, temperature (35&#xa0;°C- 40&#xa0;°C), rpm (120–200), inoculum (3–12%) and time (24-72&#xa0;h) was investigated. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using the Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used as an experimental design to evaluate the interaction of the four variables on biodegradation efficiency. The results showed that 7.5% bacterial inoculum and 120&#xa0;rpm were common parameters for removal of both BOD and COD. The highest BOD reduction (68.14%) was observed at temperature of 37.5&#xa0;°C and 72&#xa0;h incubation time followed by the COD reduction (62,56%) at 40&#xa0;°C and 48&#xa0;h. The results suggested the use of bacterial consortium at optimal conditions in addition to the ETPs that could reduce the toxicity and pollutant load present in the pharmaceutical wastewater.</p>

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RSM Based Box-Behnken Design (BBD) for Optimization of BOD, COD from the Pharmaceutical Wastewater of North-East India, Sikkim

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月19日

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  • V. Thapa,
  • D. C. Tsering,
  • L. S. Singh

摘要

Pharmaceutical wastewater consists of various residues or compounds like nitrogen, organic materials, dissolved compounds that increase the physico-chemical parameters like Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). The Effluent Treatment Plants (ETPs) are established in these pharmaceutical units that undergo primary, secondary and tertiary treatment levels to discharge wastewater under permissible limits. These conventional ETPs may not be able to remove some emerging contaminants, and resistant microbes present in wastewater. Microbial consortium for wastewater treatment has highlighted the applicability of environmentally friendly and cost-effective techniques. In this study, four bacterial strains comprising of Pseudomonas aeruginosa sp., Bacillus subtilis sp., Bacillus cereus sp. and Escherichia. coli sp. was isolated from the untreated wastewater and screened for its ability to decrease the BOD and COD. The effect of four variables, temperature (35 °C- 40 °C), rpm (120–200), inoculum (3–12%) and time (24-72 h) was investigated. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using the Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used as an experimental design to evaluate the interaction of the four variables on biodegradation efficiency. The results showed that 7.5% bacterial inoculum and 120 rpm were common parameters for removal of both BOD and COD. The highest BOD reduction (68.14%) was observed at temperature of 37.5 °C and 72 h incubation time followed by the COD reduction (62,56%) at 40 °C and 48 h. The results suggested the use of bacterial consortium at optimal conditions in addition to the ETPs that could reduce the toxicity and pollutant load present in the pharmaceutical wastewater.