<p>The paper industry generates huge amount of kraft lignin as waste in its wastewater streams. Kraft lignins are extremely hazardous and presents serious environmental problems, impacting aquatic ecosystems and soil fertility. Kraft lignin must be properly treated before being released in order to reduce its negative impacts. Discharging untreated kraft lignin into water bodies increases BOD, COD, TDS, TSS and salinity, thereby compromising water quality and ecosystem health. Kraft lignins are complex biopolymers primarily composed of phenylpropane units interconnected through five to six major types of carbon–carbon (C–C) and carbon–oxygen-carbon (C–O–C) bonds, making them highly resistant to degradation. Numerous conventional treatment methods have been employed for the treatment of kraft lignin wastes. The production of secondary sludge, incomplete degradation, and excessive energy and chemical consumption makes adoption of conventional treatment methods for managing kraft lignin wastes less favorable. They are ineffective against complicated lignin structures as they generate toxic byproducts, incur high operational costs, requires skilled labor and frequent maintenance, and may also result in secondary contamination. In recent years, biological treatment methods have emerged as promising alternatives for kraft lignin degradation. This study focuses on the utilization of microbes and enzymatic (Lignin peroxidase, Manganese peroxidase and Laccase) approaches to address the challenges associated with the management of kraft lignin wastes. These eco-friendly methods offer a sustainable solution without generating secondary sludge, making them advantageous over conventional techniques. The study also highlights the mechanism behind the biodegradation of kraft lignin using biological methods, emphasizing their role in mitigating the pollution.</p>