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<p>This study investigates the presence of organic pollutants, including organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and BTEX compounds (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene), in water samples collected from Batllava Lake (Kosovo), in May 2024. The analysis of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) was performed using GC-ECD and GC-FID techniques. The total concentrations of ∑PCBs, ∑OCPs, ∑PAHs, and ∑BTEX in the water were found to be 1.30&#xa0;µg/L, 1.55&#xa0;µg/L, 0.90&#xa0;µg/L, and 0.13&#xa0;µg/L, respectively. Among the OCPs, a-HCH and d-HCH were detected at higher levels (0.06&#xa0;µg/L and 0.07&#xa0;µg/L, respectively) compared to other pesticides. For PCBs, PCB 28 was the dominant marker, with a concentration of 1.16&#xa0;µg/L, suggesting ongoing contamination potentially linked to industrial activities. PAHs, such as Phenanthrene and Fluorene, were present at mean concentrations of 0.13&#xa0;µg/L and 0.07&#xa0;µg/L, respectively, indicating moderate levels of combustion, related pollutants. BTEX compounds, including Benzene and o-Xylene, were detected at low, but measurable, concentrations, suggesting possible contamination from urban and industrial sources. The method detection limits (MDLs) for all analyzed compounds ranged from 0.001 to 0.005&#xa0;µg/L, ensuring high analytical sensitivity, and the findings highlight potential long term environmental implications related to bioaccumulation and ecosystem health risks. Cluster analysis indicated common sources and similar behavior patterns among the detected pollutants. The variability in pollutant concentrations underscores the influence of localized and episodic contamination events, such as industrial discharges or vehicular emissions. The detected concentrations, although generally low to moderate, may pose potential ecological and human health risks through bioaccumulation and long-term exposure, emphasizing the need for integrated monitoring and risk assessment approaches in the region.</p>

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Organic Pollutants in the Water Ecosystem of Batllava Lake, Kosovo: OCPs, PCBs, PAHs, and BTEX Compounds

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月10日

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  • Ilirjana Osmani,
  • Arben Haziri,
  • Bledar Murtaj,
  • Aurel Nuro

摘要

This study investigates the presence of organic pollutants, including organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and BTEX compounds (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene), in water samples collected from Batllava Lake (Kosovo), in May 2024. The analysis of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) was performed using GC-ECD and GC-FID techniques. The total concentrations of ∑PCBs, ∑OCPs, ∑PAHs, and ∑BTEX in the water were found to be 1.30 µg/L, 1.55 µg/L, 0.90 µg/L, and 0.13 µg/L, respectively. Among the OCPs, a-HCH and d-HCH were detected at higher levels (0.06 µg/L and 0.07 µg/L, respectively) compared to other pesticides. For PCBs, PCB 28 was the dominant marker, with a concentration of 1.16 µg/L, suggesting ongoing contamination potentially linked to industrial activities. PAHs, such as Phenanthrene and Fluorene, were present at mean concentrations of 0.13 µg/L and 0.07 µg/L, respectively, indicating moderate levels of combustion, related pollutants. BTEX compounds, including Benzene and o-Xylene, were detected at low, but measurable, concentrations, suggesting possible contamination from urban and industrial sources. The method detection limits (MDLs) for all analyzed compounds ranged from 0.001 to 0.005 µg/L, ensuring high analytical sensitivity, and the findings highlight potential long term environmental implications related to bioaccumulation and ecosystem health risks. Cluster analysis indicated common sources and similar behavior patterns among the detected pollutants. The variability in pollutant concentrations underscores the influence of localized and episodic contamination events, such as industrial discharges or vehicular emissions. The detected concentrations, although generally low to moderate, may pose potential ecological and human health risks through bioaccumulation and long-term exposure, emphasizing the need for integrated monitoring and risk assessment approaches in the region.