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<p>The fly ash being a significant byproduct of coal combustion in the thermal power plants (TPP) has caused much concern to the environment and disposal in India. New government-driven moves have managed to reinvent it as a secondary resource that is worth using. The paper provides a critical review of policies, programs, and regulatory frameworks in managing fly ash in a sustainable manner with specific reference to Fly Ash Mission and major guidelines by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), Central Electricity Authority (CEA), and Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Relying on data that started in (Ministry <CitationRef CitationID="CR67">1996</CitationRef>) and went through 2022, the paper records that the percentage of fly ash use has increased dramatically, that is, the percentages are now in the single-digit range in the mid-1990s to almost 100 percent in the recent years due to the increased usage of fly ash in the cement manufacturing sector, mine filling, road construction, production of bricks, and reclamation of land. The discussion shows that there have been major sectoral and regional advances as well as comparable challenges such as the inconsistencies in enforcement, regional imbalances, and underutilization in some states. Combining a policy assessment with empirical utilization patterns, this review gives a detailed view of the changing system of fly ash management in India and suggests the strategic options to firm up the practice of a circular economy, minimize environmental hazards, and improve sustainable industrial development.</p>

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Advancing Environmental Sustainability through Fly Ash Utilization in India: Policy, Practice, and Prospects

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月7日

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  • Sharda Dhadse,
  • Shahnoor Khan

摘要

The fly ash being a significant byproduct of coal combustion in the thermal power plants (TPP) has caused much concern to the environment and disposal in India. New government-driven moves have managed to reinvent it as a secondary resource that is worth using. The paper provides a critical review of policies, programs, and regulatory frameworks in managing fly ash in a sustainable manner with specific reference to Fly Ash Mission and major guidelines by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), Central Electricity Authority (CEA), and Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Relying on data that started in (Ministry 1996) and went through 2022, the paper records that the percentage of fly ash use has increased dramatically, that is, the percentages are now in the single-digit range in the mid-1990s to almost 100 percent in the recent years due to the increased usage of fly ash in the cement manufacturing sector, mine filling, road construction, production of bricks, and reclamation of land. The discussion shows that there have been major sectoral and regional advances as well as comparable challenges such as the inconsistencies in enforcement, regional imbalances, and underutilization in some states. Combining a policy assessment with empirical utilization patterns, this review gives a detailed view of the changing system of fly ash management in India and suggests the strategic options to firm up the practice of a circular economy, minimize environmental hazards, and improve sustainable industrial development.